High-Fat Diet-Induced Decreased Circulating Bile Acids Contribute to Obesity Associated with Gut Microbiota in Mice
The altered circulating bile acids (BAs) modulate gut microbiota, energy metabolism and various physiological functions. BA profiles in liver, serum, ileum and feces of HFD-fed mice were analyzed with normal chow diet (NCD)-fed mice after 16-week feeding. Furthermore, gut microbiota was analyzed and...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/699 |
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| author | Haiying Cai Junhui Zhang Chang Liu Thanh Ninh Le Yuyun Lu Fengqin Feng Minjie Zhao |
| author_facet | Haiying Cai Junhui Zhang Chang Liu Thanh Ninh Le Yuyun Lu Fengqin Feng Minjie Zhao |
| author_sort | Haiying Cai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The altered circulating bile acids (BAs) modulate gut microbiota, energy metabolism and various physiological functions. BA profiles in liver, serum, ileum and feces of HFD-fed mice were analyzed with normal chow diet (NCD)-fed mice after 16-week feeding. Furthermore, gut microbiota was analyzed and its correlation analysis with BA was performed. The result showed that long-term HFD feeding significantly decreased hepatic and serum BA levels, mainly attributed to the inhibition of hepatic BA synthesis and the reduced reabsorption efficiency of BAs in enterohepatic circulation. It also significantly impaired glucose and lipid homeostasis and gut microbiota in mice. We found significantly higher bile salt hydrolase activity in ileal microbes and a higher ratio of free BAs to conjugated BA content in ileal contents in HFD groups compared with NCD group mice, which might account for the activated intestinal farnesoid X receptor signaling on liver BA synthesis inhibition and reduced ileal reabsorption. The decreased circulating BAs were associated with the dysregulation of the lipid metabolism according to the decreased TGR5 signaling in the ileum and BAT. In addition, it is astonishing to find extremely high percentages of taurocholate and 12-OH BAs in liver and serum BA profiles of both groups, which was mainly attributed to the high substrate selectivity for 12-OH BAs of the intestinal BAs transporter during the ileal reabsorption of enterohepatic circulation. This study revealed a significant effect of long-term HFD feeding on the decreased circulating BA pool in mice, which impaired lipid homeostasis and gut microbiota, and collectively resulted in metabolic disorders and obesity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:30:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a14f9a7084d94c138dc840bd9add5264 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:30:17Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-a14f9a7084d94c138dc840bd9add52642024-03-12T16:44:09ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-02-0113569910.3390/foods13050699High-Fat Diet-Induced Decreased Circulating Bile Acids Contribute to Obesity Associated with Gut Microbiota in MiceHaiying Cai0Junhui Zhang1Chang Liu2Thanh Ninh Le3Yuyun Lu4Fengqin Feng5Minjie Zhao6School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaSchool of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, SingaporeDepartment of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, SingaporeCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaThe altered circulating bile acids (BAs) modulate gut microbiota, energy metabolism and various physiological functions. BA profiles in liver, serum, ileum and feces of HFD-fed mice were analyzed with normal chow diet (NCD)-fed mice after 16-week feeding. Furthermore, gut microbiota was analyzed and its correlation analysis with BA was performed. The result showed that long-term HFD feeding significantly decreased hepatic and serum BA levels, mainly attributed to the inhibition of hepatic BA synthesis and the reduced reabsorption efficiency of BAs in enterohepatic circulation. It also significantly impaired glucose and lipid homeostasis and gut microbiota in mice. We found significantly higher bile salt hydrolase activity in ileal microbes and a higher ratio of free BAs to conjugated BA content in ileal contents in HFD groups compared with NCD group mice, which might account for the activated intestinal farnesoid X receptor signaling on liver BA synthesis inhibition and reduced ileal reabsorption. The decreased circulating BAs were associated with the dysregulation of the lipid metabolism according to the decreased TGR5 signaling in the ileum and BAT. In addition, it is astonishing to find extremely high percentages of taurocholate and 12-OH BAs in liver and serum BA profiles of both groups, which was mainly attributed to the high substrate selectivity for 12-OH BAs of the intestinal BAs transporter during the ileal reabsorption of enterohepatic circulation. This study revealed a significant effect of long-term HFD feeding on the decreased circulating BA pool in mice, which impaired lipid homeostasis and gut microbiota, and collectively resulted in metabolic disorders and obesity.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/699obesitybile acidslipid homeostasisgut microbiotahigh-fat diet |
| spellingShingle | Haiying Cai Junhui Zhang Chang Liu Thanh Ninh Le Yuyun Lu Fengqin Feng Minjie Zhao High-Fat Diet-Induced Decreased Circulating Bile Acids Contribute to Obesity Associated with Gut Microbiota in Mice Foods obesity bile acids lipid homeostasis gut microbiota high-fat diet |
| title | High-Fat Diet-Induced Decreased Circulating Bile Acids Contribute to Obesity Associated with Gut Microbiota in Mice |
| title_full | High-Fat Diet-Induced Decreased Circulating Bile Acids Contribute to Obesity Associated with Gut Microbiota in Mice |
| title_fullStr | High-Fat Diet-Induced Decreased Circulating Bile Acids Contribute to Obesity Associated with Gut Microbiota in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Fat Diet-Induced Decreased Circulating Bile Acids Contribute to Obesity Associated with Gut Microbiota in Mice |
| title_short | High-Fat Diet-Induced Decreased Circulating Bile Acids Contribute to Obesity Associated with Gut Microbiota in Mice |
| title_sort | high fat diet induced decreased circulating bile acids contribute to obesity associated with gut microbiota in mice |
| topic | obesity bile acids lipid homeostasis gut microbiota high-fat diet |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/699 |
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