Prevalence of Microplastics in the Eastern Oyster <i>Crassostrea virginica</i> in the Chesapeake Bay: The Impact of Different Digestion Methods on Microplastic Properties
This study aimed to determine the microplastic prevalence in eastern oysters (<i>C. virginica</i>) in three sites in the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia and optimize the digestion methods. The digestion results illustrate that the lowest recovery rate and digestion recovery were related to en...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Toxics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/1/29 |
| _version_ | 1797490014935842816 |
|---|---|
| author | Thet Aung Inayat Batish Reza Ovissipour |
| author_facet | Thet Aung Inayat Batish Reza Ovissipour |
| author_sort | Thet Aung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to determine the microplastic prevalence in eastern oysters (<i>C. virginica</i>) in three sites in the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia and optimize the digestion methods. The digestion results illustrate that the lowest recovery rate and digestion recovery were related to enzymatic, enzymatic + hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and HCl 5% treatments, while the highest digestion recovery and recovery rate were observed in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and basic (KOH) treatments. Nitric acid digestion resulted in satisfying digestion recovery (100%), while no blue polyethylene microplastics were observed due to the poor recovery rate. In addition, nitric acid altered the color, changed the Raman spectrum intensity, and melted polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In order to determine the number of microplastics, 144 oysters with an approximately similar size and weight from three sites, including the James River, York River, and Eastern Shore, were evaluated. Fragments were the most abundant microplastics among the different microplastics, followed by fibers and beads, in the three sites. A significantly higher number of fragments were found in the James River, probably due to the greater amount of human activities. The number of microplastics per gram of oyster tissue was higher in the James River, with 7 MPs/g tissue, than in the York River and Eastern Shore, with 6.7 and 5.6 MPs/g tissue. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:25:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a158c706e3ce414c8a7a1a164433b1ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:25:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-a158c706e3ce414c8a7a1a164433b1ca2023-11-23T15:35:10ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-01-011012910.3390/toxics10010029Prevalence of Microplastics in the Eastern Oyster <i>Crassostrea virginica</i> in the Chesapeake Bay: The Impact of Different Digestion Methods on Microplastic PropertiesThet Aung0Inayat Batish1Reza Ovissipour2Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USAThis study aimed to determine the microplastic prevalence in eastern oysters (<i>C. virginica</i>) in three sites in the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia and optimize the digestion methods. The digestion results illustrate that the lowest recovery rate and digestion recovery were related to enzymatic, enzymatic + hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and HCl 5% treatments, while the highest digestion recovery and recovery rate were observed in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and basic (KOH) treatments. Nitric acid digestion resulted in satisfying digestion recovery (100%), while no blue polyethylene microplastics were observed due to the poor recovery rate. In addition, nitric acid altered the color, changed the Raman spectrum intensity, and melted polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In order to determine the number of microplastics, 144 oysters with an approximately similar size and weight from three sites, including the James River, York River, and Eastern Shore, were evaluated. Fragments were the most abundant microplastics among the different microplastics, followed by fibers and beads, in the three sites. A significantly higher number of fragments were found in the James River, probably due to the greater amount of human activities. The number of microplastics per gram of oyster tissue was higher in the James River, with 7 MPs/g tissue, than in the York River and Eastern Shore, with 6.7 and 5.6 MPs/g tissue.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/1/29microplasticsbivalvesisolationChesapeake BayRaman spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Thet Aung Inayat Batish Reza Ovissipour Prevalence of Microplastics in the Eastern Oyster <i>Crassostrea virginica</i> in the Chesapeake Bay: The Impact of Different Digestion Methods on Microplastic Properties Toxics microplastics bivalves isolation Chesapeake Bay Raman spectroscopy |
| title | Prevalence of Microplastics in the Eastern Oyster <i>Crassostrea virginica</i> in the Chesapeake Bay: The Impact of Different Digestion Methods on Microplastic Properties |
| title_full | Prevalence of Microplastics in the Eastern Oyster <i>Crassostrea virginica</i> in the Chesapeake Bay: The Impact of Different Digestion Methods on Microplastic Properties |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Microplastics in the Eastern Oyster <i>Crassostrea virginica</i> in the Chesapeake Bay: The Impact of Different Digestion Methods on Microplastic Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Microplastics in the Eastern Oyster <i>Crassostrea virginica</i> in the Chesapeake Bay: The Impact of Different Digestion Methods on Microplastic Properties |
| title_short | Prevalence of Microplastics in the Eastern Oyster <i>Crassostrea virginica</i> in the Chesapeake Bay: The Impact of Different Digestion Methods on Microplastic Properties |
| title_sort | prevalence of microplastics in the eastern oyster i crassostrea virginica i in the chesapeake bay the impact of different digestion methods on microplastic properties |
| topic | microplastics bivalves isolation Chesapeake Bay Raman spectroscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/1/29 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thetaung prevalenceofmicroplasticsintheeasternoystericrassostreavirginicaiinthechesapeakebaytheimpactofdifferentdigestionmethodsonmicroplasticproperties AT inayatbatish prevalenceofmicroplasticsintheeasternoystericrassostreavirginicaiinthechesapeakebaytheimpactofdifferentdigestionmethodsonmicroplasticproperties AT rezaovissipour prevalenceofmicroplasticsintheeasternoystericrassostreavirginicaiinthechesapeakebaytheimpactofdifferentdigestionmethodsonmicroplasticproperties |