Assessing Tree Coverage and the Direct and Mediation Effect of Tree Diversity on Carbon Storage through Stand Structure in Homegardens of Southwestern Bangladesh
Dealing with two major challenges, climate change mitigation and biodiversity loss, under the same management program, is more noteworthy than addressing these two separately. Homegardens, a sustainable agroforestry system and a home of diverse species, can be a possible choice to address these two...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Forests |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1661 |
| _version_ | 1797504653286440960 |
|---|---|
| author | Md Mizanur Rahman Gauranga Kumar Kundu Md Enamul Kabir Heera Ahmed Ming Xu |
| author_facet | Md Mizanur Rahman Gauranga Kumar Kundu Md Enamul Kabir Heera Ahmed Ming Xu |
| author_sort | Md Mizanur Rahman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dealing with two major challenges, climate change mitigation and biodiversity loss, under the same management program, is more noteworthy than addressing these two separately. Homegardens, a sustainable agroforestry system and a home of diverse species, can be a possible choice to address these two issues. In this study, we assessed tree coverage, and the direct and indirect effects of tree diversity on carbon storage in different carbon pools through stand structure in homegardens of southwestern Bangladesh, using Sentinel 2 and field inventory data from 40 homesteads in eight villages. An unsupervised classification method was followed to assess homegardens’ tree coverage. We found a high tree coverage (24.34% of total area of Dighalia) in homesteads, with a high overall accuracy of 96.52%. The biomass and soil organic carbon (<i>p</i> < 0.05) varied significantly among the eight villages, while total carbon stock did not vary significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Shannon diversity had both direct and indirect effects on biomass carbon, upper layer soil organic carbon and total carbon storage, while basal area mediated the indirect effect. Both basal area and tree height had positive effects on biomass carbon and total carbon storage, with basal area having the strongest effect. These findings suggest that we must maintain higher diversity and tree height in order to maximize and sustain carbon storage, where tree diversity increases stand basal area and improves total carbon storage (including soil organic) in homegardens. Therefore, privately managed homegardens could be a potential nature-based solution for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation in Bangladesh. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:07:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a158f744864341b9b7c89335605a23a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:07:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-a158f744864341b9b7c89335605a23a02023-11-23T08:20:37ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-11-011212166110.3390/f12121661Assessing Tree Coverage and the Direct and Mediation Effect of Tree Diversity on Carbon Storage through Stand Structure in Homegardens of Southwestern BangladeshMd Mizanur Rahman0Gauranga Kumar Kundu1Md Enamul Kabir2Heera Ahmed3Ming Xu4Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, ChinaForestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, BangladeshForestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, BangladeshForestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, BangladeshHenan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, ChinaDealing with two major challenges, climate change mitigation and biodiversity loss, under the same management program, is more noteworthy than addressing these two separately. Homegardens, a sustainable agroforestry system and a home of diverse species, can be a possible choice to address these two issues. In this study, we assessed tree coverage, and the direct and indirect effects of tree diversity on carbon storage in different carbon pools through stand structure in homegardens of southwestern Bangladesh, using Sentinel 2 and field inventory data from 40 homesteads in eight villages. An unsupervised classification method was followed to assess homegardens’ tree coverage. We found a high tree coverage (24.34% of total area of Dighalia) in homesteads, with a high overall accuracy of 96.52%. The biomass and soil organic carbon (<i>p</i> < 0.05) varied significantly among the eight villages, while total carbon stock did not vary significantly (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Shannon diversity had both direct and indirect effects on biomass carbon, upper layer soil organic carbon and total carbon storage, while basal area mediated the indirect effect. Both basal area and tree height had positive effects on biomass carbon and total carbon storage, with basal area having the strongest effect. These findings suggest that we must maintain higher diversity and tree height in order to maximize and sustain carbon storage, where tree diversity increases stand basal area and improves total carbon storage (including soil organic) in homegardens. Therefore, privately managed homegardens could be a potential nature-based solution for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation in Bangladesh.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1661traditional homegardensagroforestry systembiodiversity and carbonoptical remote sensing |
| spellingShingle | Md Mizanur Rahman Gauranga Kumar Kundu Md Enamul Kabir Heera Ahmed Ming Xu Assessing Tree Coverage and the Direct and Mediation Effect of Tree Diversity on Carbon Storage through Stand Structure in Homegardens of Southwestern Bangladesh Forests traditional homegardens agroforestry system biodiversity and carbon optical remote sensing |
| title | Assessing Tree Coverage and the Direct and Mediation Effect of Tree Diversity on Carbon Storage through Stand Structure in Homegardens of Southwestern Bangladesh |
| title_full | Assessing Tree Coverage and the Direct and Mediation Effect of Tree Diversity on Carbon Storage through Stand Structure in Homegardens of Southwestern Bangladesh |
| title_fullStr | Assessing Tree Coverage and the Direct and Mediation Effect of Tree Diversity on Carbon Storage through Stand Structure in Homegardens of Southwestern Bangladesh |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing Tree Coverage and the Direct and Mediation Effect of Tree Diversity on Carbon Storage through Stand Structure in Homegardens of Southwestern Bangladesh |
| title_short | Assessing Tree Coverage and the Direct and Mediation Effect of Tree Diversity on Carbon Storage through Stand Structure in Homegardens of Southwestern Bangladesh |
| title_sort | assessing tree coverage and the direct and mediation effect of tree diversity on carbon storage through stand structure in homegardens of southwestern bangladesh |
| topic | traditional homegardens agroforestry system biodiversity and carbon optical remote sensing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1661 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mdmizanurrahman assessingtreecoverageandthedirectandmediationeffectoftreediversityoncarbonstoragethroughstandstructureinhomegardensofsouthwesternbangladesh AT gaurangakumarkundu assessingtreecoverageandthedirectandmediationeffectoftreediversityoncarbonstoragethroughstandstructureinhomegardensofsouthwesternbangladesh AT mdenamulkabir assessingtreecoverageandthedirectandmediationeffectoftreediversityoncarbonstoragethroughstandstructureinhomegardensofsouthwesternbangladesh AT heeraahmed assessingtreecoverageandthedirectandmediationeffectoftreediversityoncarbonstoragethroughstandstructureinhomegardensofsouthwesternbangladesh AT mingxu assessingtreecoverageandthedirectandmediationeffectoftreediversityoncarbonstoragethroughstandstructureinhomegardensofsouthwesternbangladesh |