Transforming micropores to mesopores by heat cycling KOH activated petcoke for improved kinetics of adsorption of naphthenic acids
Formation of activated carbon from petroleum coke by KOH, results in high specific surface area materials that are predominantly microporous. This initial microporosity means that the adsorption kinetics of target species are not as rapid as they could be, thus limiting environmental remediation app...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023007077 |
| _version_ | 1811161743992291328 |
|---|---|
| author | Oliver K.L. Strong Elmira Nazari Tyler Roy Kevin Scotland Paul R. Pede Andrew J. Vreugdenhil |
| author_facet | Oliver K.L. Strong Elmira Nazari Tyler Roy Kevin Scotland Paul R. Pede Andrew J. Vreugdenhil |
| author_sort | Oliver K.L. Strong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Formation of activated carbon from petroleum coke by KOH, results in high specific surface area materials that are predominantly microporous. This initial microporosity means that the adsorption kinetics of target species are not as rapid as they could be, thus limiting environmental remediation applications for the material. To address this problem a series of additional heat cycles with no additional chemical inputs were applied after activation but prior to the removal of activating agents. This process resulted in the oxidation of residual potassium metal from the initial activation which allows it to function again as an activating agent for the subsequent cycles. The heat cycling resulted in an increase in mesoporosity by 10–25% with each successive cycle independent of the KOH to feedstock ratio. This was shown to be demonstrably different than equivalently extended heating times, thus identifying the importance of thermal cycling. Adsorption kinetics of three model naphthenic acids showed faster kinetics for the pore widened activated carbon. The t1/2 times dropped from 20 to 6.6 min for diphenyl acetic acid, 34.3 to 4.5 min for cyclohexane acetic acid, and 51.4 to 12.0 min for heptanoic acid. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T06:19:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a15ba115fb6e46e2babe6ae12d7de334 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T06:19:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-a15ba115fb6e46e2babe6ae12d7de3342023-03-02T05:01:52ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-02-0192e13500Transforming micropores to mesopores by heat cycling KOH activated petcoke for improved kinetics of adsorption of naphthenic acidsOliver K.L. Strong0Elmira Nazari1Tyler Roy2Kevin Scotland3Paul R. Pede4Andrew J. Vreugdenhil5Material Science, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, CanadaMaterial Science, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, CanadaMaterial Science, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, CanadaMaterial Science, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, CanadaCarbonix, 690 Mountain Rd, Suite 200, Fort William First Nation, Ontario P7J 1G8 CanadaMaterial Science, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada; Corresponding author.Formation of activated carbon from petroleum coke by KOH, results in high specific surface area materials that are predominantly microporous. This initial microporosity means that the adsorption kinetics of target species are not as rapid as they could be, thus limiting environmental remediation applications for the material. To address this problem a series of additional heat cycles with no additional chemical inputs were applied after activation but prior to the removal of activating agents. This process resulted in the oxidation of residual potassium metal from the initial activation which allows it to function again as an activating agent for the subsequent cycles. The heat cycling resulted in an increase in mesoporosity by 10–25% with each successive cycle independent of the KOH to feedstock ratio. This was shown to be demonstrably different than equivalently extended heating times, thus identifying the importance of thermal cycling. Adsorption kinetics of three model naphthenic acids showed faster kinetics for the pore widened activated carbon. The t1/2 times dropped from 20 to 6.6 min for diphenyl acetic acid, 34.3 to 4.5 min for cyclohexane acetic acid, and 51.4 to 12.0 min for heptanoic acid.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023007077Activated carbonPetroleum cokeKOHMesoporosityNaphthenic acid |
| spellingShingle | Oliver K.L. Strong Elmira Nazari Tyler Roy Kevin Scotland Paul R. Pede Andrew J. Vreugdenhil Transforming micropores to mesopores by heat cycling KOH activated petcoke for improved kinetics of adsorption of naphthenic acids Heliyon Activated carbon Petroleum coke KOH Mesoporosity Naphthenic acid |
| title | Transforming micropores to mesopores by heat cycling KOH activated petcoke for improved kinetics of adsorption of naphthenic acids |
| title_full | Transforming micropores to mesopores by heat cycling KOH activated petcoke for improved kinetics of adsorption of naphthenic acids |
| title_fullStr | Transforming micropores to mesopores by heat cycling KOH activated petcoke for improved kinetics of adsorption of naphthenic acids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transforming micropores to mesopores by heat cycling KOH activated petcoke for improved kinetics of adsorption of naphthenic acids |
| title_short | Transforming micropores to mesopores by heat cycling KOH activated petcoke for improved kinetics of adsorption of naphthenic acids |
| title_sort | transforming micropores to mesopores by heat cycling koh activated petcoke for improved kinetics of adsorption of naphthenic acids |
| topic | Activated carbon Petroleum coke KOH Mesoporosity Naphthenic acid |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023007077 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oliverklstrong transformingmicroporestomesoporesbyheatcyclingkohactivatedpetcokeforimprovedkineticsofadsorptionofnaphthenicacids AT elmiranazari transformingmicroporestomesoporesbyheatcyclingkohactivatedpetcokeforimprovedkineticsofadsorptionofnaphthenicacids AT tylerroy transformingmicroporestomesoporesbyheatcyclingkohactivatedpetcokeforimprovedkineticsofadsorptionofnaphthenicacids AT kevinscotland transformingmicroporestomesoporesbyheatcyclingkohactivatedpetcokeforimprovedkineticsofadsorptionofnaphthenicacids AT paulrpede transformingmicroporestomesoporesbyheatcyclingkohactivatedpetcokeforimprovedkineticsofadsorptionofnaphthenicacids AT andrewjvreugdenhil transformingmicroporestomesoporesbyheatcyclingkohactivatedpetcokeforimprovedkineticsofadsorptionofnaphthenicacids |