Membranous nephropathy: Systems biology-based novel mechanism and traditional Chinese medicine therapy
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a renal-limited non-inflammatory autoimmune disease in the glomerulus, which is the second or third main cause of end-stage kidney diseases in patients with primary glomerulonephritis. Substantial achievements have increased our understanding of the aetiology and patho...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.969930/full |
| _version_ | 1811209600762904576 |
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| author | Hua Miao Yamei Zhang Xiaoyong Yu Liang Zou Yingyong Zhao Yingyong Zhao |
| author_facet | Hua Miao Yamei Zhang Xiaoyong Yu Liang Zou Yingyong Zhao Yingyong Zhao |
| author_sort | Hua Miao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a renal-limited non-inflammatory autoimmune disease in the glomerulus, which is the second or third main cause of end-stage kidney diseases in patients with primary glomerulonephritis. Substantial achievements have increased our understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of murine and human MN. The identification of nephritogenic autoantibodies against neutral endopeptidase, phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) antigens provide more specific concept-driven intervention strategies for treatments by specific B cell-targeting monoclonal antibodies to inhibit antibody production and antibody-antigen immune complex deposition. Furthermore, additional antibody specificities for antigens have been discovered, but their pathogenic effects are uncertain. Although anti-PLA2R and anti-THSD7A antibodies as a diagnostic marker is widely used in MN patients, many questions including autoimmune response development, antigenic epitopes, and podocyte damage signalling pathways remain unresolved. This review describes the current available evidence regarding both established and novel molecular mechanisms based on systems biology approaches (gut microbiota, long non-coding RNAs, metabolite biomarkers and DNA methylation) in MN, with an emphasis on clinical findings. This review further summarizes the applications of traditional Chinese medicines such as Tripterygium wilfordii and Astragalus membranaceus for MN treatment. Lastly, this review considers how the identification of novel antibodies/antigens and unresolved questions and future challenges reveal the pathogenesis of MN. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:42:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a162b4837ddf489289b0119816a03eb7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:42:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a162b4837ddf489289b0119816a03eb72022-12-22T03:47:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122022-09-011310.3389/fphar.2022.969930969930Membranous nephropathy: Systems biology-based novel mechanism and traditional Chinese medicine therapyHua Miao0Yamei Zhang1Xiaoyong Yu2Liang Zou3Yingyong Zhao4Yingyong Zhao5School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Clinical Genetics & Key Disciplines of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaSchool of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Clinical Genetics & Key Disciplines of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaMembranous nephropathy (MN) is a renal-limited non-inflammatory autoimmune disease in the glomerulus, which is the second or third main cause of end-stage kidney diseases in patients with primary glomerulonephritis. Substantial achievements have increased our understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of murine and human MN. The identification of nephritogenic autoantibodies against neutral endopeptidase, phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) antigens provide more specific concept-driven intervention strategies for treatments by specific B cell-targeting monoclonal antibodies to inhibit antibody production and antibody-antigen immune complex deposition. Furthermore, additional antibody specificities for antigens have been discovered, but their pathogenic effects are uncertain. Although anti-PLA2R and anti-THSD7A antibodies as a diagnostic marker is widely used in MN patients, many questions including autoimmune response development, antigenic epitopes, and podocyte damage signalling pathways remain unresolved. This review describes the current available evidence regarding both established and novel molecular mechanisms based on systems biology approaches (gut microbiota, long non-coding RNAs, metabolite biomarkers and DNA methylation) in MN, with an emphasis on clinical findings. This review further summarizes the applications of traditional Chinese medicines such as Tripterygium wilfordii and Astragalus membranaceus for MN treatment. Lastly, this review considers how the identification of novel antibodies/antigens and unresolved questions and future challenges reveal the pathogenesis of MN.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.969930/fullmembranous nephropathyanti-PLA 2 R antibodygut microbiotalong non-coding RNAsmetabolite biomarkerstraditional Chinese medicine |
| spellingShingle | Hua Miao Yamei Zhang Xiaoyong Yu Liang Zou Yingyong Zhao Yingyong Zhao Membranous nephropathy: Systems biology-based novel mechanism and traditional Chinese medicine therapy Frontiers in Pharmacology membranous nephropathy anti-PLA 2 R antibody gut microbiota long non-coding RNAs metabolite biomarkers traditional Chinese medicine |
| title | Membranous nephropathy: Systems biology-based novel mechanism and traditional Chinese medicine therapy |
| title_full | Membranous nephropathy: Systems biology-based novel mechanism and traditional Chinese medicine therapy |
| title_fullStr | Membranous nephropathy: Systems biology-based novel mechanism and traditional Chinese medicine therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Membranous nephropathy: Systems biology-based novel mechanism and traditional Chinese medicine therapy |
| title_short | Membranous nephropathy: Systems biology-based novel mechanism and traditional Chinese medicine therapy |
| title_sort | membranous nephropathy systems biology based novel mechanism and traditional chinese medicine therapy |
| topic | membranous nephropathy anti-PLA 2 R antibody gut microbiota long non-coding RNAs metabolite biomarkers traditional Chinese medicine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.969930/full |
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