| Summary: | The characteristics of plateau precipitation and atmosphere, once accurately and comprehensively understood, can be used to inform sound air–water resource development practices. In this study, atmospheric exploration of the Tibet Plateau (TP) was conducted using ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR) data collected during the East Asian summer monsoon. Atmospheric temperature, pressure, humidity, and other variables were gathered under clear-sky, cloudy-sky, and rainy-sky conditions. Statistical characteristics of the air parcel height and stability/convection indices such as convective available potential energy (<i>CAPE</i>) and convective inhibition (<i>CIN</i>) were investigated, with a special focus on the rainy-sky condition. Two retrieval applications for characterizing precipitation, namely short-term precipitation forecast and quantitative precipitation estimation were presented. Results showed that <i>CAPE</i> values in the Darlag region reached extremes around 18:00–20:00 (UTC+8) for cloudy-sky and rainy-sky conditions with corresponding peaks of about 1046.56 J/kg and 703.02 J/kg, respectively. When stratiform or convective–mixed precipitation occurs, the precipitable water vapor (<i>PWV</i>) and <i>CAPE</i> values were generally greater than 1.7 cm and 1000 J/kg, respectively. <i>CAPE</i> values are likely to decrease before the occurrence of precipitation due to the release of the latent heat in the atmosphere.
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