Exercise and Carotid Properties in the Young–The KiGGS-2 Study
Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and stiffness (cS) are predictive markers of early vascular aging and atherosclerotic risk. This study assessed, whether exercise has protective effects on carotid structure and function or on vascular risk in the young.Methods: Volume and change of...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.767025/full |
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| author | Karsten Königstein Karsten Königstein Karsten Königstein Julia Charlotte Büschges Julia Charlotte Büschges Giselle Sarganas Giselle Sarganas Susanne Krug Susanne Krug Hannelore Neuhauser Hannelore Neuhauser Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss |
| author_facet | Karsten Königstein Karsten Königstein Karsten Königstein Julia Charlotte Büschges Julia Charlotte Büschges Giselle Sarganas Giselle Sarganas Susanne Krug Susanne Krug Hannelore Neuhauser Hannelore Neuhauser Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss |
| author_sort | Karsten Königstein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and stiffness (cS) are predictive markers of early vascular aging and atherosclerotic risk. This study assessed, whether exercise has protective effects on carotid structure and function or on vascular risk in the young.Methods: Volume and change of exercise (recreational and organized sports participation) of German adolescents and young adults was assessed within the prospective population-study KiGGS at KiGGS-Wave-1 (2009–2012) and KiGGS-Wave-2 (2014–2017) using standardized self-reporting questionnaires. CIMT and cS were measured by real-time B-mode ultrasound sequences with semi-automated edge-detection and automatic electrocardiogram-gated quality control in 2,893 participants (14–28 years, 49.6% female). A cumulative index for atherosclerotic risk (CV-R) included z-scores of mean arterial pressure, triglycerides, total/HDL-cholesterol-ratio, body mass index, and HbA1c.Results: At KiGGS-Wave-2 cross-sectional CV-R but not cS and cIMT was lower in all exercise-groups compared to “no exercise” (B = −0.73, 95%-CI = −1.26 to 0.19, p = 0.008). Longitudinal volume of exercise was negatively associated with CV-R (B = −0.37, 95%-CI = −0.74 to 0.00, p = 0.048) but not with cS and cIMT. Cross-sectional relative risk of elevated CV-R but not cS and cIMT was lower in all exercise-groups compared to “no exercise” (RR = 0.80, 95%-CI = 0.66 to 0.98, p = 0.033). High exercise volumes were associated with lower relative risk of elevated CV-R (RR = 0.80, 95%-CI = 0.65–0.97, p = 0.021) and cS in tendency but not with cIMT.Conclusions: Increased levels of exercise are associated with a better cardiovascular risk profile in young individuals, but not with cS and cIMT. Our study confirms previous recommendations on exercise in this age group without demonstrating a clear benefit on surrogate markers of vascular health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:37:11Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-055X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:37:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-a184a3b0f3244e4487b1a48ba0f9aab92022-12-22T04:04:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2022-01-01810.3389/fcvm.2021.767025767025Exercise and Carotid Properties in the Young–The KiGGS-2 StudyKarsten Königstein0Karsten Königstein1Karsten Königstein2Julia Charlotte Büschges3Julia Charlotte Büschges4Giselle Sarganas5Giselle Sarganas6Susanne Krug7Susanne Krug8Hannelore Neuhauser9Hannelore Neuhauser10Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss11Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, GermanyDivision Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, GermanyDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, GermanyDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, GermanyDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, GermanyDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, GermanyDivision Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandBackground: Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and stiffness (cS) are predictive markers of early vascular aging and atherosclerotic risk. This study assessed, whether exercise has protective effects on carotid structure and function or on vascular risk in the young.Methods: Volume and change of exercise (recreational and organized sports participation) of German adolescents and young adults was assessed within the prospective population-study KiGGS at KiGGS-Wave-1 (2009–2012) and KiGGS-Wave-2 (2014–2017) using standardized self-reporting questionnaires. CIMT and cS were measured by real-time B-mode ultrasound sequences with semi-automated edge-detection and automatic electrocardiogram-gated quality control in 2,893 participants (14–28 years, 49.6% female). A cumulative index for atherosclerotic risk (CV-R) included z-scores of mean arterial pressure, triglycerides, total/HDL-cholesterol-ratio, body mass index, and HbA1c.Results: At KiGGS-Wave-2 cross-sectional CV-R but not cS and cIMT was lower in all exercise-groups compared to “no exercise” (B = −0.73, 95%-CI = −1.26 to 0.19, p = 0.008). Longitudinal volume of exercise was negatively associated with CV-R (B = −0.37, 95%-CI = −0.74 to 0.00, p = 0.048) but not with cS and cIMT. Cross-sectional relative risk of elevated CV-R but not cS and cIMT was lower in all exercise-groups compared to “no exercise” (RR = 0.80, 95%-CI = 0.66 to 0.98, p = 0.033). High exercise volumes were associated with lower relative risk of elevated CV-R (RR = 0.80, 95%-CI = 0.65–0.97, p = 0.021) and cS in tendency but not with cIMT.Conclusions: Increased levels of exercise are associated with a better cardiovascular risk profile in young individuals, but not with cS and cIMT. Our study confirms previous recommendations on exercise in this age group without demonstrating a clear benefit on surrogate markers of vascular health.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.767025/fullintima-media thicknessarterial stiffnessatherosclerosisadolescentsexercisecarotid stiffness |
| spellingShingle | Karsten Königstein Karsten Königstein Karsten Königstein Julia Charlotte Büschges Julia Charlotte Büschges Giselle Sarganas Giselle Sarganas Susanne Krug Susanne Krug Hannelore Neuhauser Hannelore Neuhauser Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss Exercise and Carotid Properties in the Young–The KiGGS-2 Study Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine intima-media thickness arterial stiffness atherosclerosis adolescents exercise carotid stiffness |
| title | Exercise and Carotid Properties in the Young–The KiGGS-2 Study |
| title_full | Exercise and Carotid Properties in the Young–The KiGGS-2 Study |
| title_fullStr | Exercise and Carotid Properties in the Young–The KiGGS-2 Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exercise and Carotid Properties in the Young–The KiGGS-2 Study |
| title_short | Exercise and Carotid Properties in the Young–The KiGGS-2 Study |
| title_sort | exercise and carotid properties in the young the kiggs 2 study |
| topic | intima-media thickness arterial stiffness atherosclerosis adolescents exercise carotid stiffness |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.767025/full |
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