Survey of Freshly Harvested Oat Grains from Southern Brazil Reveals High Incidence of Type B Trichothecenes and Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species
The current study investigated the fungal diversity in freshly harvested oat samples from the two largest production regions in Brazil, Paraná (PR) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS), focusing primarily on the <i>Fusarium</i> genus and the presence of type B trichothecenes. The majority of the i...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/855 |
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| author | Mariana Pinheiro Caio H. T. Iwase Bruno G. Bertozzi Elem T. S. Caramês Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz Nádia C. Langaro Eliana B. Furlong Benedito Correa Liliana O. Rocha |
| author_facet | Mariana Pinheiro Caio H. T. Iwase Bruno G. Bertozzi Elem T. S. Caramês Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz Nádia C. Langaro Eliana B. Furlong Benedito Correa Liliana O. Rocha |
| author_sort | Mariana Pinheiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current study investigated the fungal diversity in freshly harvested oat samples from the two largest production regions in Brazil, Paraná (PR) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS), focusing primarily on the <i>Fusarium</i> genus and the presence of type B trichothecenes. The majority of the isolates belonged to the <i>Fusarium sambucinum</i> species complex, and were identified as <i>F. graminearum</i> sensu stricto (s.s.), <i>F. meridionale</i>, and <i>F. poae</i>. In the RS region, <i>F. poae</i> was the most frequent fungus, while <i>F. graminearum</i> s.s. was the most frequent in the PR region. The <i>F. graminearum</i> s.s. isolates were 15-ADON genotype, while <i>F. meridionale</i> and <i>F. poae</i> were NIV genotype. Mycotoxin analysis revealed that 92% and 100% of the samples from PR and RS were contaminated with type B trichothecenes, respectively. Oat grains from PR were predominantly contaminated with DON, whereas NIV was predominant in oats from RS. Twenty-four percent of the samples were contaminated with DON at levels higher than Brazilian regulations. Co-contamination of DON, its derivatives, and NIV was observed in 84% and 57.7% of the samples from PR and RS, respectively. The results provide new information on <i>Fusarium</i> contamination in Brazilian oats, highlighting the importance of further studies on mycotoxins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:58:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a18e249210c542829fd4d789619d5ae8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:58:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-a18e249210c542829fd4d789619d5ae82023-11-23T10:50:29ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-12-01131285510.3390/toxins13120855Survey of Freshly Harvested Oat Grains from Southern Brazil Reveals High Incidence of Type B Trichothecenes and Associated <i>Fusarium</i> SpeciesMariana Pinheiro0Caio H. T. Iwase1Bruno G. Bertozzi2Elem T. S. Caramês3Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz4Nádia C. Langaro5Eliana B. Furlong6Benedito Correa7Liliana O. Rocha8Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Engineering Faculty, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, BrazilDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Engineering Faculty, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, BrazilDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Engineering Faculty, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, BrazilDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Engineering Faculty, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, BrazilInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, BrazilFaculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99042-800, BrazilSchool of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande 96203-900, BrazilInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, BrazilDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Engineering Faculty, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, BrazilThe current study investigated the fungal diversity in freshly harvested oat samples from the two largest production regions in Brazil, Paraná (PR) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS), focusing primarily on the <i>Fusarium</i> genus and the presence of type B trichothecenes. The majority of the isolates belonged to the <i>Fusarium sambucinum</i> species complex, and were identified as <i>F. graminearum</i> sensu stricto (s.s.), <i>F. meridionale</i>, and <i>F. poae</i>. In the RS region, <i>F. poae</i> was the most frequent fungus, while <i>F. graminearum</i> s.s. was the most frequent in the PR region. The <i>F. graminearum</i> s.s. isolates were 15-ADON genotype, while <i>F. meridionale</i> and <i>F. poae</i> were NIV genotype. Mycotoxin analysis revealed that 92% and 100% of the samples from PR and RS were contaminated with type B trichothecenes, respectively. Oat grains from PR were predominantly contaminated with DON, whereas NIV was predominant in oats from RS. Twenty-four percent of the samples were contaminated with DON at levels higher than Brazilian regulations. Co-contamination of DON, its derivatives, and NIV was observed in 84% and 57.7% of the samples from PR and RS, respectively. The results provide new information on <i>Fusarium</i> contamination in Brazilian oats, highlighting the importance of further studies on mycotoxins.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/855oats<i>Fusarium sambucinum</i> species complexdeoxynivalenolnivalenolmycotoxin |
| spellingShingle | Mariana Pinheiro Caio H. T. Iwase Bruno G. Bertozzi Elem T. S. Caramês Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz Nádia C. Langaro Eliana B. Furlong Benedito Correa Liliana O. Rocha Survey of Freshly Harvested Oat Grains from Southern Brazil Reveals High Incidence of Type B Trichothecenes and Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species Toxins oats <i>Fusarium sambucinum</i> species complex deoxynivalenol nivalenol mycotoxin |
| title | Survey of Freshly Harvested Oat Grains from Southern Brazil Reveals High Incidence of Type B Trichothecenes and Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species |
| title_full | Survey of Freshly Harvested Oat Grains from Southern Brazil Reveals High Incidence of Type B Trichothecenes and Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species |
| title_fullStr | Survey of Freshly Harvested Oat Grains from Southern Brazil Reveals High Incidence of Type B Trichothecenes and Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Survey of Freshly Harvested Oat Grains from Southern Brazil Reveals High Incidence of Type B Trichothecenes and Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species |
| title_short | Survey of Freshly Harvested Oat Grains from Southern Brazil Reveals High Incidence of Type B Trichothecenes and Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species |
| title_sort | survey of freshly harvested oat grains from southern brazil reveals high incidence of type b trichothecenes and associated i fusarium i species |
| topic | oats <i>Fusarium sambucinum</i> species complex deoxynivalenol nivalenol mycotoxin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/12/855 |
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