Phage Diving: An Exploration of the Carcharhinid Shark Epidermal Virome
The epidermal microbiome is a critical element of marine organismal immunity, but the epidermal virome of marine organisms remains largely unexplored. The epidermis of sharks represents a unique viromic ecosystem. Sharks secrete a thin layer of mucus which harbors a diverse microbiome, while their h...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/9/1969 |
| _version_ | 1797481369245319168 |
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| author | Ryan D. Hesse Michael Roach Emma N. Kerr Bhavya Papudeshi Laís F. O. Lima Asha Z. Goodman Lisa Hoopes Mark Scott Lauren Meyer Charlie Huveneers Elizabeth A. Dinsdale |
| author_facet | Ryan D. Hesse Michael Roach Emma N. Kerr Bhavya Papudeshi Laís F. O. Lima Asha Z. Goodman Lisa Hoopes Mark Scott Lauren Meyer Charlie Huveneers Elizabeth A. Dinsdale |
| author_sort | Ryan D. Hesse |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The epidermal microbiome is a critical element of marine organismal immunity, but the epidermal virome of marine organisms remains largely unexplored. The epidermis of sharks represents a unique viromic ecosystem. Sharks secrete a thin layer of mucus which harbors a diverse microbiome, while their hydrodynamic dermal denticles simultaneously repel environmental microbes. Here, we sampled the virome from the epidermis of three shark species in the family <i>Carcharhinidae</i>: the genetically and morphologically similar <i>Carcharhinus obscurus</i> (<i>n</i> = 6) and <i>Carcharhinus galapagensis</i> (<i>n</i> = 10) and the outgroup <i>Galeocerdo cuvier</i> (<i>n</i> = 15). Virome taxonomy was characterized using shotgun metagenomics and compared with a suite of multivariate analyses. All three sharks retain species-specific but highly similar epidermal viromes dominated by uncharacterized bacteriophages which vary slightly in proportional abundance within and among shark species. Intraspecific variation was lower among <i>C. galapagensis</i> than among <i>C. obscurus</i> and <i>G. cuvier.</i> Using both the annotated and unannotated reads, we were able to determine that the <i>Carcharhinus galapagensis</i> viromes were more similar to that of <i>G. cuvier</i> than they were to that of <i>C. obscurus</i>, suggesting that behavioral niche may be a more prominent driver of virome than host phylogeny. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:13:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a192b213f07a44658e39cb03ae3d38bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:13:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-a192b213f07a44658e39cb03ae3d38bf2023-11-23T19:27:18ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-09-01149196910.3390/v14091969Phage Diving: An Exploration of the Carcharhinid Shark Epidermal ViromeRyan D. Hesse0Michael Roach1Emma N. Kerr2Bhavya Papudeshi3Laís F. O. Lima4Asha Z. Goodman5Lisa Hoopes6Mark Scott7Lauren Meyer8Charlie Huveneers9Elizabeth A. Dinsdale10Flinders Accelerator for Microbiome Exploration, Flinders University, Surt Rd, Bedford Park, SA 5042, AustraliaFlinders Accelerator for Microbiome Exploration, Flinders University, Surt Rd, Bedford Park, SA 5042, AustraliaFlinders Accelerator for Microbiome Exploration, Flinders University, Surt Rd, Bedford Park, SA 5042, AustraliaFlinders Accelerator for Microbiome Exploration, Flinders University, Surt Rd, Bedford Park, SA 5042, AustraliaDepartment of Biological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USAGeorgia Aquarium, 225 Baker St NW, Atlanta, GA 30313, USANorfolk Island National Park, Mount Pitt Rd, Norfolk Island, QLD 2899, AustraliaFlinders Accelerator for Microbiome Exploration, Flinders University, Surt Rd, Bedford Park, SA 5042, AustraliaFlinders Accelerator for Microbiome Exploration, Flinders University, Surt Rd, Bedford Park, SA 5042, AustraliaFlinders Accelerator for Microbiome Exploration, Flinders University, Surt Rd, Bedford Park, SA 5042, AustraliaThe epidermal microbiome is a critical element of marine organismal immunity, but the epidermal virome of marine organisms remains largely unexplored. The epidermis of sharks represents a unique viromic ecosystem. Sharks secrete a thin layer of mucus which harbors a diverse microbiome, while their hydrodynamic dermal denticles simultaneously repel environmental microbes. Here, we sampled the virome from the epidermis of three shark species in the family <i>Carcharhinidae</i>: the genetically and morphologically similar <i>Carcharhinus obscurus</i> (<i>n</i> = 6) and <i>Carcharhinus galapagensis</i> (<i>n</i> = 10) and the outgroup <i>Galeocerdo cuvier</i> (<i>n</i> = 15). Virome taxonomy was characterized using shotgun metagenomics and compared with a suite of multivariate analyses. All three sharks retain species-specific but highly similar epidermal viromes dominated by uncharacterized bacteriophages which vary slightly in proportional abundance within and among shark species. Intraspecific variation was lower among <i>C. galapagensis</i> than among <i>C. obscurus</i> and <i>G. cuvier.</i> Using both the annotated and unannotated reads, we were able to determine that the <i>Carcharhinus galapagensis</i> viromes were more similar to that of <i>G. cuvier</i> than they were to that of <i>C. obscurus</i>, suggesting that behavioral niche may be a more prominent driver of virome than host phylogeny.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/9/1969carcharhinidsharkepidermisdenticleviromebacteriophage |
| spellingShingle | Ryan D. Hesse Michael Roach Emma N. Kerr Bhavya Papudeshi Laís F. O. Lima Asha Z. Goodman Lisa Hoopes Mark Scott Lauren Meyer Charlie Huveneers Elizabeth A. Dinsdale Phage Diving: An Exploration of the Carcharhinid Shark Epidermal Virome Viruses carcharhinid shark epidermis denticle virome bacteriophage |
| title | Phage Diving: An Exploration of the Carcharhinid Shark Epidermal Virome |
| title_full | Phage Diving: An Exploration of the Carcharhinid Shark Epidermal Virome |
| title_fullStr | Phage Diving: An Exploration of the Carcharhinid Shark Epidermal Virome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phage Diving: An Exploration of the Carcharhinid Shark Epidermal Virome |
| title_short | Phage Diving: An Exploration of the Carcharhinid Shark Epidermal Virome |
| title_sort | phage diving an exploration of the carcharhinid shark epidermal virome |
| topic | carcharhinid shark epidermis denticle virome bacteriophage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/9/1969 |
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