Current Advances, Research Needs and Gaps in Mycotoxins Biomonitoring under the HBM4EU—Lessons Learned and Future Trends
Mycotoxins are natural metabolites produced by fungi that contaminate food and feed worldwide. They can pose a threat to human and animal health, mainly causing chronic effects, e.g., immunotoxic and carcinogenic. Due to climate change, an increase in European population exposure to mycotoxins is ex...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/12/826 |
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| author | Paula Alvito Ricardo Manuel Assunção Lola Bajard Carla Martins Marcel J. B. Mengelers Hans Mol Sónia Namorado Annick D. van den Brand Elsa Vasco Susana Viegas Maria João Silva |
| author_facet | Paula Alvito Ricardo Manuel Assunção Lola Bajard Carla Martins Marcel J. B. Mengelers Hans Mol Sónia Namorado Annick D. van den Brand Elsa Vasco Susana Viegas Maria João Silva |
| author_sort | Paula Alvito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycotoxins are natural metabolites produced by fungi that contaminate food and feed worldwide. They can pose a threat to human and animal health, mainly causing chronic effects, e.g., immunotoxic and carcinogenic. Due to climate change, an increase in European population exposure to mycotoxins is expected to occur, raising public health concerns. This urges us to assess the current human exposure to mycotoxins in Europe to allow monitoring exposure and prevent future health impacts. The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B<sub>1</sub> (FB<sub>1</sub>) were considered as priority substances to be studied within the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) to generate knowledge on internal exposure and their potential health impacts. Several policy questions were addressed concerning hazard characterization, exposure and risk assessment. The present article presents the current advances attained under the HBM4EU, research needs and gaps. Overall, the knowledge on the European population risk from exposure to DON was improved by using new harmonised data and a newly derived reference value. In addition, mechanistic information on FB<sub>1</sub> was, for the first time, organized into an adverse outcome pathway for a congenital anomaly. It is expected that this knowledge will support policy making and contribute to driving new Human Biomonitoring (HBM) studies on mycotoxin exposure in Europe. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:46:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a19306e6258a4718ab419726d6ae5a52 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:46:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-a19306e6258a4718ab419726d6ae5a522023-11-24T18:26:26ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-11-01141282610.3390/toxins14120826Current Advances, Research Needs and Gaps in Mycotoxins Biomonitoring under the HBM4EU—Lessons Learned and Future TrendsPaula Alvito0Ricardo Manuel Assunção1Lola Bajard2Carla Martins3Marcel J. B. Mengelers4Hans Mol5Sónia Namorado6Annick D. van den Brand7Elsa Vasco8Susana Viegas9Maria João Silva10National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalNational Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalRECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech RepublicNational Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The NetherlandsWageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The NetherlandsNational Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The NetherlandsNational Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalNOVA National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1600-560 Lisbon, PortugalNational Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalMycotoxins are natural metabolites produced by fungi that contaminate food and feed worldwide. They can pose a threat to human and animal health, mainly causing chronic effects, e.g., immunotoxic and carcinogenic. Due to climate change, an increase in European population exposure to mycotoxins is expected to occur, raising public health concerns. This urges us to assess the current human exposure to mycotoxins in Europe to allow monitoring exposure and prevent future health impacts. The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B<sub>1</sub> (FB<sub>1</sub>) were considered as priority substances to be studied within the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) to generate knowledge on internal exposure and their potential health impacts. Several policy questions were addressed concerning hazard characterization, exposure and risk assessment. The present article presents the current advances attained under the HBM4EU, research needs and gaps. Overall, the knowledge on the European population risk from exposure to DON was improved by using new harmonised data and a newly derived reference value. In addition, mechanistic information on FB<sub>1</sub> was, for the first time, organized into an adverse outcome pathway for a congenital anomaly. It is expected that this knowledge will support policy making and contribute to driving new Human Biomonitoring (HBM) studies on mycotoxin exposure in Europe.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/12/826human biomonitoringrisk assessmentHBM4EUhuman healthmycotoxins exposuredeoxynivalenol (DON) |
| spellingShingle | Paula Alvito Ricardo Manuel Assunção Lola Bajard Carla Martins Marcel J. B. Mengelers Hans Mol Sónia Namorado Annick D. van den Brand Elsa Vasco Susana Viegas Maria João Silva Current Advances, Research Needs and Gaps in Mycotoxins Biomonitoring under the HBM4EU—Lessons Learned and Future Trends Toxins human biomonitoring risk assessment HBM4EU human health mycotoxins exposure deoxynivalenol (DON) |
| title | Current Advances, Research Needs and Gaps in Mycotoxins Biomonitoring under the HBM4EU—Lessons Learned and Future Trends |
| title_full | Current Advances, Research Needs and Gaps in Mycotoxins Biomonitoring under the HBM4EU—Lessons Learned and Future Trends |
| title_fullStr | Current Advances, Research Needs and Gaps in Mycotoxins Biomonitoring under the HBM4EU—Lessons Learned and Future Trends |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Advances, Research Needs and Gaps in Mycotoxins Biomonitoring under the HBM4EU—Lessons Learned and Future Trends |
| title_short | Current Advances, Research Needs and Gaps in Mycotoxins Biomonitoring under the HBM4EU—Lessons Learned and Future Trends |
| title_sort | current advances research needs and gaps in mycotoxins biomonitoring under the hbm4eu lessons learned and future trends |
| topic | human biomonitoring risk assessment HBM4EU human health mycotoxins exposure deoxynivalenol (DON) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/12/826 |
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