Use of hand‐held Doppler ultrasound examination by podiatrists: a reliability study
Abstract Background Hand held Doppler examination is a frequently used non‐invasive vascular assessment utilised by podiatrists. Despite this, the reliability of hand‐held Doppler has not been thoroughly investigated. Given the importance of Doppler in completing a vascular assessment of the lower l...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-015-0097-2 |
| _version_ | 1797321443491446784 |
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| author | Peta Ellen Tehan Vivienne Helaine Chuter |
| author_facet | Peta Ellen Tehan Vivienne Helaine Chuter |
| author_sort | Peta Ellen Tehan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Hand held Doppler examination is a frequently used non‐invasive vascular assessment utilised by podiatrists. Despite this, the reliability of hand‐held Doppler has not been thoroughly investigated. Given the importance of Doppler in completing a vascular assessment of the lower limb, it is essential to determine the reliability of the interpretation of this testing method in practicing podiatrists. Methods This was a multi‐centre inter and intra‐rater reliability study. Four podiatrists (the raters) participated in this study, two public and two private practitioners. Three aspects of Doppler use were examined; (i) use of Doppler (i.e., technique and interpretation), (ii) interpretation of Doppler audio sounds, and (iii) interpretation of visual Doppler waveforms (i.e., tracings). Participants meeting current guidelines for vascular screening attended two testing sessions, 1 week apart at either the private practice (n = 32), or the public practice (n = 31). To assess use of Doppler, the raters evaluated the Doppler waveforms that they collected, rating them as mono‐phasic or multi‐phasic. To assess Doppler audio sounds and visual Doppler waveforms, raters were required to evaluate 30 audio recordings of Doppler sounds and 30 waveform tracings, respectively, that were previously recorded and chosen at random by the researchers. Cohen's kappa (κ) statistics were used to calculate inter and intra‐rater reliability using SPSS version 19. Results Use of Doppler demonstrated the lowest reliability for both pairs of clinicians (inter‐rater reliability κ 0.20 to 0.24 and intra‐rater reliability κ 0.27 to 0.42). The public podiatrists showed higher reliability in audio interpretation (inter‐tester reliability κ 0.61, intra‐tester reliability κ 1.00) compared to the private podiatrists (inter‐tester reliability κ 0.31, intra‐tester reliability κ 0.53). Evaluation of Doppler waveform tracings demonstrated highest reliability, with inter‐rater reliability ranging from κ 0.77 to 0.90 and intra‐rater reliability from κ 0.81 to 1.00. Conclusions There is a need for ongoing education for podiatrists using Doppler in clinical practice, as the reliability for the clinical use of the Doppler was low. This indicates that technique could be an issue. There is also a need to further evaluate if hand‐held Doppler equipment, using the examinations that we evaluated, is suitable for use in the contexts examined in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:57:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a1974ecb12fd47a6801cafbbf64b7199 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1757-1146 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:57:39Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-a1974ecb12fd47a6801cafbbf64b71992024-02-07T14:57:49ZengWileyJournal of Foot and Ankle Research1757-11462015-01-0181n/an/a10.1186/s13047-015-0097-2Use of hand‐held Doppler ultrasound examination by podiatrists: a reliability studyPeta Ellen Tehan0Vivienne Helaine Chuter1School of Health SciencesFaculty of HealthUniversity of NewcastleNSW 2258OurimbahAustraliaSchool of Health SciencesFaculty of HealthUniversity of NewcastleNSW 2258OurimbahAustraliaAbstract Background Hand held Doppler examination is a frequently used non‐invasive vascular assessment utilised by podiatrists. Despite this, the reliability of hand‐held Doppler has not been thoroughly investigated. Given the importance of Doppler in completing a vascular assessment of the lower limb, it is essential to determine the reliability of the interpretation of this testing method in practicing podiatrists. Methods This was a multi‐centre inter and intra‐rater reliability study. Four podiatrists (the raters) participated in this study, two public and two private practitioners. Three aspects of Doppler use were examined; (i) use of Doppler (i.e., technique and interpretation), (ii) interpretation of Doppler audio sounds, and (iii) interpretation of visual Doppler waveforms (i.e., tracings). Participants meeting current guidelines for vascular screening attended two testing sessions, 1 week apart at either the private practice (n = 32), or the public practice (n = 31). To assess use of Doppler, the raters evaluated the Doppler waveforms that they collected, rating them as mono‐phasic or multi‐phasic. To assess Doppler audio sounds and visual Doppler waveforms, raters were required to evaluate 30 audio recordings of Doppler sounds and 30 waveform tracings, respectively, that were previously recorded and chosen at random by the researchers. Cohen's kappa (κ) statistics were used to calculate inter and intra‐rater reliability using SPSS version 19. Results Use of Doppler demonstrated the lowest reliability for both pairs of clinicians (inter‐rater reliability κ 0.20 to 0.24 and intra‐rater reliability κ 0.27 to 0.42). The public podiatrists showed higher reliability in audio interpretation (inter‐tester reliability κ 0.61, intra‐tester reliability κ 1.00) compared to the private podiatrists (inter‐tester reliability κ 0.31, intra‐tester reliability κ 0.53). Evaluation of Doppler waveform tracings demonstrated highest reliability, with inter‐rater reliability ranging from κ 0.77 to 0.90 and intra‐rater reliability from κ 0.81 to 1.00. Conclusions There is a need for ongoing education for podiatrists using Doppler in clinical practice, as the reliability for the clinical use of the Doppler was low. This indicates that technique could be an issue. There is also a need to further evaluate if hand‐held Doppler equipment, using the examinations that we evaluated, is suitable for use in the contexts examined in this study.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-015-0097-2DopplerReliabilityPeripheral arterial disease |
| spellingShingle | Peta Ellen Tehan Vivienne Helaine Chuter Use of hand‐held Doppler ultrasound examination by podiatrists: a reliability study Journal of Foot and Ankle Research Doppler Reliability Peripheral arterial disease |
| title | Use of hand‐held Doppler ultrasound examination by podiatrists: a reliability study |
| title_full | Use of hand‐held Doppler ultrasound examination by podiatrists: a reliability study |
| title_fullStr | Use of hand‐held Doppler ultrasound examination by podiatrists: a reliability study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of hand‐held Doppler ultrasound examination by podiatrists: a reliability study |
| title_short | Use of hand‐held Doppler ultrasound examination by podiatrists: a reliability study |
| title_sort | use of hand held doppler ultrasound examination by podiatrists a reliability study |
| topic | Doppler Reliability Peripheral arterial disease |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-015-0097-2 |
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