Effect of Light Conditions on Polyphenol Production in Transformed Shoot Culture of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels
Various strategies have been used to increase the efficiency of secondary metabolite production in <i>Salvia</i> plants. This report is the first to examine the spontaneous development of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> shoots transformed by <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i>...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/12/4603 |
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| author | Marta Krzemińska Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka Izabela Weremczuk-Jeżyna Aleksandra Owczarek-Januszkiewicz Wiktoria Ejsmont Monika A. Olszewska Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak |
| author_facet | Marta Krzemińska Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka Izabela Weremczuk-Jeżyna Aleksandra Owczarek-Januszkiewicz Wiktoria Ejsmont Monika A. Olszewska Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak |
| author_sort | Marta Krzemińska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Various strategies have been used to increase the efficiency of secondary metabolite production in <i>Salvia</i> plants. This report is the first to examine the spontaneous development of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> shoots transformed by <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> on hairy roots and the influence of light conditions on the phytochemical profile of this shoot culture. The transformed shoots were cultivated on solid MS medium with 0.1 mg/L of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and 1 mg/L of m-Top (meta-topolin), and their transgenic characteristic was confirmed by PCR-based detection of the <i>rol</i>B and <i>rol</i>C genes in the target plant genome. This study assessed the phytochemical, morphological, and physiological responses of the shoot culture under stimulation by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with different wavelengths (white, WL; blue, B; red, RL; and red/blue, ML) and under fluorescent lamps (FL, control). Eleven polyphenols identified as phenolic acids and their derivatives were detected via <i>ultrahigh-performance liquid</i> chromatography with diode-array detection coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD/ESI-MS) in the plant material, and their content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Rosmarinic acid was the predominant compound in the analyzed extracts. The mixed red and blue LEDs gave the highest levels of polyphenol and rosmarinic acid accumulation (respectively, 24.3 mg/g of DW and 20.0 mg/g of DW), reaching two times greater concentrations of polyphenols and three times greater rosmarinic acid levels compared to the aerial parts of two-year-old intact plants. Similar to WL, ML also stimulated regeneration ability and biomass accumulation effectively. However, the highest total photosynthetic pigment production (1.13 mg/g of DW for total chlorophyll and 0.231 mg/g of DW for carotenoids) was found in the shoots cultivated under RL followed by BL, while the culture exposed to BL was characterized as having the highest antioxidant enzyme activities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:07:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a19a6846ac4c418f91b4bc26fe3ea0f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:07:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-a19a6846ac4c418f91b4bc26fe3ea0f42023-11-18T11:47:51ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-06-012812460310.3390/molecules28124603Effect of Light Conditions on Polyphenol Production in Transformed Shoot Culture of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> DielsMarta Krzemińska0Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka1Izabela Weremczuk-Jeżyna2Aleksandra Owczarek-Januszkiewicz3Wiktoria Ejsmont4Monika A. Olszewska5Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak6Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, PolandVarious strategies have been used to increase the efficiency of secondary metabolite production in <i>Salvia</i> plants. This report is the first to examine the spontaneous development of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> shoots transformed by <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> on hairy roots and the influence of light conditions on the phytochemical profile of this shoot culture. The transformed shoots were cultivated on solid MS medium with 0.1 mg/L of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and 1 mg/L of m-Top (meta-topolin), and their transgenic characteristic was confirmed by PCR-based detection of the <i>rol</i>B and <i>rol</i>C genes in the target plant genome. This study assessed the phytochemical, morphological, and physiological responses of the shoot culture under stimulation by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with different wavelengths (white, WL; blue, B; red, RL; and red/blue, ML) and under fluorescent lamps (FL, control). Eleven polyphenols identified as phenolic acids and their derivatives were detected via <i>ultrahigh-performance liquid</i> chromatography with diode-array detection coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD/ESI-MS) in the plant material, and their content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Rosmarinic acid was the predominant compound in the analyzed extracts. The mixed red and blue LEDs gave the highest levels of polyphenol and rosmarinic acid accumulation (respectively, 24.3 mg/g of DW and 20.0 mg/g of DW), reaching two times greater concentrations of polyphenols and three times greater rosmarinic acid levels compared to the aerial parts of two-year-old intact plants. Similar to WL, ML also stimulated regeneration ability and biomass accumulation effectively. However, the highest total photosynthetic pigment production (1.13 mg/g of DW for total chlorophyll and 0.231 mg/g of DW for carotenoids) was found in the shoots cultivated under RL followed by BL, while the culture exposed to BL was characterized as having the highest antioxidant enzyme activities.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/12/4603<i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i>LEDslight treatmenttransformed shootsrosmarinic acid<i>Salvia bulleyana</i> |
| spellingShingle | Marta Krzemińska Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka Izabela Weremczuk-Jeżyna Aleksandra Owczarek-Januszkiewicz Wiktoria Ejsmont Monika A. Olszewska Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak Effect of Light Conditions on Polyphenol Production in Transformed Shoot Culture of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels Molecules <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> LEDs light treatment transformed shoots rosmarinic acid <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> |
| title | Effect of Light Conditions on Polyphenol Production in Transformed Shoot Culture of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels |
| title_full | Effect of Light Conditions on Polyphenol Production in Transformed Shoot Culture of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Light Conditions on Polyphenol Production in Transformed Shoot Culture of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Light Conditions on Polyphenol Production in Transformed Shoot Culture of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels |
| title_short | Effect of Light Conditions on Polyphenol Production in Transformed Shoot Culture of <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> Diels |
| title_sort | effect of light conditions on polyphenol production in transformed shoot culture of i salvia bulleyana i diels |
| topic | <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> LEDs light treatment transformed shoots rosmarinic acid <i>Salvia bulleyana</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/12/4603 |
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