Genetic Structure and Molecular Identities of 46 Apple Landraces (<i>Malus</i> Mill.) in China
In this study, we used genotyping to determine the genetic structure and molecular identities of apple landraces from six species of <i>Malus</i> Mill. in China, based on the fingerprints revealed by microsatellite markers with tailed primer M13. A total of 46 apple landraces of <i>...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1262 |
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| author | Lin Wang Dajiang Wang Kun Wang Simiao Sun Wen Tian Zichen Li Guangyi Wang Xiang Lu Zhao Liu Qingshan Li Yuan Gao |
| author_facet | Lin Wang Dajiang Wang Kun Wang Simiao Sun Wen Tian Zichen Li Guangyi Wang Xiang Lu Zhao Liu Qingshan Li Yuan Gao |
| author_sort | Lin Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we used genotyping to determine the genetic structure and molecular identities of apple landraces from six species of <i>Malus</i> Mill. in China, based on the fingerprints revealed by microsatellite markers with tailed primer M13. A total of 46 apple landraces of <i>Malus</i> Mill. selected from the National Apple and Pear Germplasm Repository in Xingcheng, China were genotyped with 14 SSR markers. The primers differentiated all the accessions. At least three SSR primers, CH04h02, CH01f07a and CH04g07, with a higher heterozygosity and Shannon’s information index than other combinations can distinguish all the accessions. All the alleles for these three primers were arranged in descending order, and they were assigned values beginning with 01. Character strings were constituted by combining all the codes of the three primers for every accession. By such means, separate and special molecular identities were obtained for every apple landrace, which could be expressed in the form of a bar code. Using such bar codes, trees can be labeled and scanned, which aids in the identification and tracking of genebank collections. The eight-step method for establishing the molecular identities of apple landraces reported here may serve as a reference when determining the molecular identities establishment of other apple germplasms of <i>Malus</i> Mill. This method might also be used for the establishment of a molecular database to aid the preservation of <i>Malus</i> Mill., which is in imminent danger in China. It may also be used to improve the gene bank management of <i>Malus</i> Mill. |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-a1a0715fb455424db4c51e3cda5e9d3e2023-11-18T00:05:33ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-04-01135126210.3390/agronomy13051262Genetic Structure and Molecular Identities of 46 Apple Landraces (<i>Malus</i> Mill.) in ChinaLin Wang0Dajiang Wang1Kun Wang2Simiao Sun3Wen Tian4Zichen Li5Guangyi Wang6Xiang Lu7Zhao Liu8Qingshan Li9Yuan Gao10Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng 125100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng 125100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng 125100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng 125100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng 125100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng 125100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng 125100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng 125100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng 125100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng 125100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng 125100, ChinaIn this study, we used genotyping to determine the genetic structure and molecular identities of apple landraces from six species of <i>Malus</i> Mill. in China, based on the fingerprints revealed by microsatellite markers with tailed primer M13. A total of 46 apple landraces of <i>Malus</i> Mill. selected from the National Apple and Pear Germplasm Repository in Xingcheng, China were genotyped with 14 SSR markers. The primers differentiated all the accessions. At least three SSR primers, CH04h02, CH01f07a and CH04g07, with a higher heterozygosity and Shannon’s information index than other combinations can distinguish all the accessions. All the alleles for these three primers were arranged in descending order, and they were assigned values beginning with 01. Character strings were constituted by combining all the codes of the three primers for every accession. By such means, separate and special molecular identities were obtained for every apple landrace, which could be expressed in the form of a bar code. Using such bar codes, trees can be labeled and scanned, which aids in the identification and tracking of genebank collections. The eight-step method for establishing the molecular identities of apple landraces reported here may serve as a reference when determining the molecular identities establishment of other apple germplasms of <i>Malus</i> Mill. This method might also be used for the establishment of a molecular database to aid the preservation of <i>Malus</i> Mill., which is in imminent danger in China. It may also be used to improve the gene bank management of <i>Malus</i> Mill.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1262<i>Malus</i> Mill.landrace cultivarsTP-M13-SSRmolecular identitiesgenetic structure |
| spellingShingle | Lin Wang Dajiang Wang Kun Wang Simiao Sun Wen Tian Zichen Li Guangyi Wang Xiang Lu Zhao Liu Qingshan Li Yuan Gao Genetic Structure and Molecular Identities of 46 Apple Landraces (<i>Malus</i> Mill.) in China Agronomy <i>Malus</i> Mill. landrace cultivars TP-M13-SSR molecular identities genetic structure |
| title | Genetic Structure and Molecular Identities of 46 Apple Landraces (<i>Malus</i> Mill.) in China |
| title_full | Genetic Structure and Molecular Identities of 46 Apple Landraces (<i>Malus</i> Mill.) in China |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Structure and Molecular Identities of 46 Apple Landraces (<i>Malus</i> Mill.) in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Structure and Molecular Identities of 46 Apple Landraces (<i>Malus</i> Mill.) in China |
| title_short | Genetic Structure and Molecular Identities of 46 Apple Landraces (<i>Malus</i> Mill.) in China |
| title_sort | genetic structure and molecular identities of 46 apple landraces i malus i mill in china |
| topic | <i>Malus</i> Mill. landrace cultivars TP-M13-SSR molecular identities genetic structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1262 |
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