Switchable Polyacrylic Acid Polyelectrolyte Brushes for Surface Plasmon Resonance Applications
Imaging wide-field surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microscopy sensors based on polyacrylic acid polyelectrolyte brushes (PAA PEBs) were designed to enhance the sensitivity of nano-object detection. The switching behavior of the PAA PEBs against changes in the pH values was investigated by analyzing...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4283 |
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| author | Qais M. Al-Bataineh Ahmad D. Telfah Victoria Shpacovitch Carlos J. Tavares Roland Hergenröder |
| author_facet | Qais M. Al-Bataineh Ahmad D. Telfah Victoria Shpacovitch Carlos J. Tavares Roland Hergenröder |
| author_sort | Qais M. Al-Bataineh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Imaging wide-field surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microscopy sensors based on polyacrylic acid polyelectrolyte brushes (PAA PEBs) were designed to enhance the sensitivity of nano-object detection. The switching behavior of the PAA PEBs against changes in the pH values was investigated by analyzing the chemical, morphological, optical, and electrical properties. At pH ~1, the brushes collapse on the surface with the dominance of carboxylic groups (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>COOH</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Upon the increase in the pH to nine, the switching process completes, and the brushes swell from dissociating most of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>COOH</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> groups and converting them into <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>COO</mi></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> groups. The domination of the negatively charged <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>COO</mi></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> groups increases the electrostatic repulsion in the polymer chains and stretches the brushes. The sensitivity of the SPR sensing device was investigated using a theoretical approach, as well as experimental measurements. The signal-to-noise ratio for a Au layer increases from six to eighteen after coating with PAA PEBs. In addition, the linewidth of the recorded image decreases from six pixels to five pixels by using the Au-PAA layers, which results from the enhanced spatial resolution of the recorded images. Coating a Au-layer with PAA PEBs enhances the sensitivity of the SPR sensing device, and improves the spatial resolution of the recorded image. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a1c61a34d27e4fd8a6cc9f4e2757564d2023-11-17T23:42:13ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-04-01239428310.3390/s23094283Switchable Polyacrylic Acid Polyelectrolyte Brushes for Surface Plasmon Resonance ApplicationsQais M. Al-Bataineh0Ahmad D. Telfah1Victoria Shpacovitch2Carlos J. Tavares3Roland Hergenröder4Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, GermanyLeibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, GermanyLeibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, GermanyCentre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, PortugalLeibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, GermanyImaging wide-field surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microscopy sensors based on polyacrylic acid polyelectrolyte brushes (PAA PEBs) were designed to enhance the sensitivity of nano-object detection. The switching behavior of the PAA PEBs against changes in the pH values was investigated by analyzing the chemical, morphological, optical, and electrical properties. At pH ~1, the brushes collapse on the surface with the dominance of carboxylic groups (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>COOH</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Upon the increase in the pH to nine, the switching process completes, and the brushes swell from dissociating most of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>COOH</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> groups and converting them into <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>COO</mi></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> groups. The domination of the negatively charged <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>COO</mi></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> groups increases the electrostatic repulsion in the polymer chains and stretches the brushes. The sensitivity of the SPR sensing device was investigated using a theoretical approach, as well as experimental measurements. The signal-to-noise ratio for a Au layer increases from six to eighteen after coating with PAA PEBs. In addition, the linewidth of the recorded image decreases from six pixels to five pixels by using the Au-PAA layers, which results from the enhanced spatial resolution of the recorded images. Coating a Au-layer with PAA PEBs enhances the sensitivity of the SPR sensing device, and improves the spatial resolution of the recorded image.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4283imaging wide-field SPR microscopy sensorpolyacrylic acid (PAA)polyelectrolyte brushes (PEBs) |
| spellingShingle | Qais M. Al-Bataineh Ahmad D. Telfah Victoria Shpacovitch Carlos J. Tavares Roland Hergenröder Switchable Polyacrylic Acid Polyelectrolyte Brushes for Surface Plasmon Resonance Applications Sensors imaging wide-field SPR microscopy sensor polyacrylic acid (PAA) polyelectrolyte brushes (PEBs) |
| title | Switchable Polyacrylic Acid Polyelectrolyte Brushes for Surface Plasmon Resonance Applications |
| title_full | Switchable Polyacrylic Acid Polyelectrolyte Brushes for Surface Plasmon Resonance Applications |
| title_fullStr | Switchable Polyacrylic Acid Polyelectrolyte Brushes for Surface Plasmon Resonance Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Switchable Polyacrylic Acid Polyelectrolyte Brushes for Surface Plasmon Resonance Applications |
| title_short | Switchable Polyacrylic Acid Polyelectrolyte Brushes for Surface Plasmon Resonance Applications |
| title_sort | switchable polyacrylic acid polyelectrolyte brushes for surface plasmon resonance applications |
| topic | imaging wide-field SPR microscopy sensor polyacrylic acid (PAA) polyelectrolyte brushes (PEBs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4283 |
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