Electrostatic generator enhancements for powering IoT nodes via efficient energy management
Abstract Electrostatic generators show great potential for powering widely distributed electronic devices in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, a critical issue limiting such generators is their high impedance mismatch when coupled to electronics, which results in very low energy utiliz...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Publishing Group
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Microsystems & Nanoengineering |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00660-1 |
| _version_ | 1797266784402800640 |
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| author | Zibo Wu Zeyuan Cao Junchi Teng Rong Ding Jiani Xu Xiongying Ye |
| author_facet | Zibo Wu Zeyuan Cao Junchi Teng Rong Ding Jiani Xu Xiongying Ye |
| author_sort | Zibo Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Electrostatic generators show great potential for powering widely distributed electronic devices in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, a critical issue limiting such generators is their high impedance mismatch when coupled to electronics, which results in very low energy utilization efficiency. Here, we present a high-performance energy management unit (EMU) based on a spark-switch tube and a buck converter with an RF inductor. By optimizing the elements and parameters of the EMU, a maximum direct current output power of 79.2 mW m-2 rps-1 was reached for a rotary electret generator with the EMU, achieving 1.2 times greater power output than without the EMU. Furthermore, the maximum power of the contact-separated triboelectric nanogenerator with an EMU is 1.5 times that without the EMU. This excellent performance is attributed to the various optimizations, including utilizing an ultralow-loss spark-switch tube with a proper breakdown voltage, adding a matched input capacitor to enhance available charge, and incorporating an RF inductor to facilitate the high-speed energy transfer process. Based on this extremely efficient EMU, a compact self-powered wireless temperature sensor node was demonstrated to acquire and transmit data every 3.5 s under a slight wind speed of 0.5 m/s. This work greatly promotes the utilization of electrostatic nanogenerators in practical applications, particularly in IoT nodes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:06:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a1c7b280c85d42f39f908addd4cc0770 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2055-7434 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:06:11Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microsystems & Nanoengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-a1c7b280c85d42f39f908addd4cc07702024-03-10T12:14:59ZengNature Publishing GroupMicrosystems & Nanoengineering2055-74342024-03-0110111010.1038/s41378-024-00660-1Electrostatic generator enhancements for powering IoT nodes via efficient energy managementZibo Wu0Zeyuan Cao1Junchi Teng2Rong Ding3Jiani Xu4Xiongying Ye5State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua UniversityAbstract Electrostatic generators show great potential for powering widely distributed electronic devices in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, a critical issue limiting such generators is their high impedance mismatch when coupled to electronics, which results in very low energy utilization efficiency. Here, we present a high-performance energy management unit (EMU) based on a spark-switch tube and a buck converter with an RF inductor. By optimizing the elements and parameters of the EMU, a maximum direct current output power of 79.2 mW m-2 rps-1 was reached for a rotary electret generator with the EMU, achieving 1.2 times greater power output than without the EMU. Furthermore, the maximum power of the contact-separated triboelectric nanogenerator with an EMU is 1.5 times that without the EMU. This excellent performance is attributed to the various optimizations, including utilizing an ultralow-loss spark-switch tube with a proper breakdown voltage, adding a matched input capacitor to enhance available charge, and incorporating an RF inductor to facilitate the high-speed energy transfer process. Based on this extremely efficient EMU, a compact self-powered wireless temperature sensor node was demonstrated to acquire and transmit data every 3.5 s under a slight wind speed of 0.5 m/s. This work greatly promotes the utilization of electrostatic nanogenerators in practical applications, particularly in IoT nodes.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00660-1 |
| spellingShingle | Zibo Wu Zeyuan Cao Junchi Teng Rong Ding Jiani Xu Xiongying Ye Electrostatic generator enhancements for powering IoT nodes via efficient energy management Microsystems & Nanoengineering |
| title | Electrostatic generator enhancements for powering IoT nodes via efficient energy management |
| title_full | Electrostatic generator enhancements for powering IoT nodes via efficient energy management |
| title_fullStr | Electrostatic generator enhancements for powering IoT nodes via efficient energy management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrostatic generator enhancements for powering IoT nodes via efficient energy management |
| title_short | Electrostatic generator enhancements for powering IoT nodes via efficient energy management |
| title_sort | electrostatic generator enhancements for powering iot nodes via efficient energy management |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00660-1 |
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