Association between Serum Zinc and Calcification Propensity (T<sub>50</sub>) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and In Vitro Effect of Exogenous Zinc on T<sub>50</sub>
Zinc inhibits vascular calcification in vivo and in vitro. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus show hypozincemia and are at an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. Recently, an in vitro test (T<sub>50</sub>-test) was developed for determination of serum calcification propensity and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-09-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/9/337 |
| _version_ | 1797554154306011136 |
|---|---|
| author | Shinya Nakatani Katsuhito Mori Mika Sonoda Kozo Nishide Hideki Uedono Akihiro Tsuda Masanori Emoto Tetsuo Shoji |
| author_facet | Shinya Nakatani Katsuhito Mori Mika Sonoda Kozo Nishide Hideki Uedono Akihiro Tsuda Masanori Emoto Tetsuo Shoji |
| author_sort | Shinya Nakatani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zinc inhibits vascular calcification in vivo and in vitro. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus show hypozincemia and are at an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. Recently, an in vitro test (T<sub>50</sub>-test) was developed for determination of serum calcification propensity and a shorter T<sub>50</sub> means a higher calcification propensity. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between serum zinc and T<sub>50</sub> in 132 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with various kidney functions. Furthermore, the effect of exogenous zinc on T<sub>50</sub> was also investigated in vitro using separately pooled serum samples obtained from healthy volunteers and patients with hemodialysis. We measured T<sub>50</sub> levels using the established nephelometric method. The median (interquartile range) levels of T<sub>50</sub> and serum zinc were 306 (269 to 332) min, and 80.0 (70.1 to 89.8) µg/dL, respectively. Serum zinc level showed a weak, but positive correlation with T<sub>50</sub> (<i>r<sub>s</sub></i> = 0.219, <i>p</i> = 0.012). This association remained significant in multivariable-adjusted analysis, and was independent of known factors including phosphate, calcium, and magnesium. Kidney function and glycemic control were not significantly associated with T<sub>50</sub>. Finally, in vitro experiments showed that addition of a physiological concentration of exogenous zinc chloride significantly increased serum T<sub>50</sub>. Our results indicate that serum zinc is an independent factor with a potential role in suppressing calcification propensity in serum. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:27:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a1cac3711a8042d7a663319699f60d7f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:27:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-a1cac3711a8042d7a663319699f60d7f2023-11-20T13:07:43ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592020-09-018933710.3390/biomedicines8090337Association between Serum Zinc and Calcification Propensity (T<sub>50</sub>) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and In Vitro Effect of Exogenous Zinc on T<sub>50</sub>Shinya Nakatani0Katsuhito Mori1Mika Sonoda2Kozo Nishide3Hideki Uedono4Akihiro Tsuda5Masanori Emoto6Tetsuo Shoji7Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, JapanDepartment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, JapanDepartment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, JapanDepartment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, JapanDepartment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, JapanDepartment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, JapanDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Osaka 545-8585, JapanZinc inhibits vascular calcification in vivo and in vitro. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus show hypozincemia and are at an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. Recently, an in vitro test (T<sub>50</sub>-test) was developed for determination of serum calcification propensity and a shorter T<sub>50</sub> means a higher calcification propensity. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between serum zinc and T<sub>50</sub> in 132 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with various kidney functions. Furthermore, the effect of exogenous zinc on T<sub>50</sub> was also investigated in vitro using separately pooled serum samples obtained from healthy volunteers and patients with hemodialysis. We measured T<sub>50</sub> levels using the established nephelometric method. The median (interquartile range) levels of T<sub>50</sub> and serum zinc were 306 (269 to 332) min, and 80.0 (70.1 to 89.8) µg/dL, respectively. Serum zinc level showed a weak, but positive correlation with T<sub>50</sub> (<i>r<sub>s</sub></i> = 0.219, <i>p</i> = 0.012). This association remained significant in multivariable-adjusted analysis, and was independent of known factors including phosphate, calcium, and magnesium. Kidney function and glycemic control were not significantly associated with T<sub>50</sub>. Finally, in vitro experiments showed that addition of a physiological concentration of exogenous zinc chloride significantly increased serum T<sub>50</sub>. Our results indicate that serum zinc is an independent factor with a potential role in suppressing calcification propensity in serum.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/9/337serum calcification propensityzinctype 2 diabetes mellitus |
| spellingShingle | Shinya Nakatani Katsuhito Mori Mika Sonoda Kozo Nishide Hideki Uedono Akihiro Tsuda Masanori Emoto Tetsuo Shoji Association between Serum Zinc and Calcification Propensity (T<sub>50</sub>) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and In Vitro Effect of Exogenous Zinc on T<sub>50</sub> Biomedicines serum calcification propensity zinc type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title | Association between Serum Zinc and Calcification Propensity (T<sub>50</sub>) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and In Vitro Effect of Exogenous Zinc on T<sub>50</sub> |
| title_full | Association between Serum Zinc and Calcification Propensity (T<sub>50</sub>) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and In Vitro Effect of Exogenous Zinc on T<sub>50</sub> |
| title_fullStr | Association between Serum Zinc and Calcification Propensity (T<sub>50</sub>) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and In Vitro Effect of Exogenous Zinc on T<sub>50</sub> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between Serum Zinc and Calcification Propensity (T<sub>50</sub>) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and In Vitro Effect of Exogenous Zinc on T<sub>50</sub> |
| title_short | Association between Serum Zinc and Calcification Propensity (T<sub>50</sub>) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and In Vitro Effect of Exogenous Zinc on T<sub>50</sub> |
| title_sort | association between serum zinc and calcification propensity t sub 50 sub in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in vitro effect of exogenous zinc on t sub 50 sub |
| topic | serum calcification propensity zinc type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/9/337 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shinyanakatani associationbetweenserumzincandcalcificationpropensitytsub50subinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitusandinvitroeffectofexogenouszincontsub50sub AT katsuhitomori associationbetweenserumzincandcalcificationpropensitytsub50subinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitusandinvitroeffectofexogenouszincontsub50sub AT mikasonoda associationbetweenserumzincandcalcificationpropensitytsub50subinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitusandinvitroeffectofexogenouszincontsub50sub AT kozonishide associationbetweenserumzincandcalcificationpropensitytsub50subinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitusandinvitroeffectofexogenouszincontsub50sub AT hidekiuedono associationbetweenserumzincandcalcificationpropensitytsub50subinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitusandinvitroeffectofexogenouszincontsub50sub AT akihirotsuda associationbetweenserumzincandcalcificationpropensitytsub50subinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitusandinvitroeffectofexogenouszincontsub50sub AT masanoriemoto associationbetweenserumzincandcalcificationpropensitytsub50subinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitusandinvitroeffectofexogenouszincontsub50sub AT tetsuoshoji associationbetweenserumzincandcalcificationpropensitytsub50subinpatientswithtype2diabetesmellitusandinvitroeffectofexogenouszincontsub50sub |