Functional mobile-based two-factor authentication by photonic physical unclonable functions
Given the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things and because of the concerns around counterfeited goods, secure and resilient cryptographic systems are in high demand. Due to the development of digital ecosystems, mobile applications for transactions require fast and reliable methods to generate...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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AIP Publishing LLC
2022-08-01
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| Series: | AIP Advances |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101483 |
| _version_ | 1798000122355777536 |
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| author | Tiago Silvério Lília M. S. Dias João F. C. B. Ramalho Sandra F. H. Correia Lianshe Fu Rute A. S. Ferreira Paulo S. André |
| author_facet | Tiago Silvério Lília M. S. Dias João F. C. B. Ramalho Sandra F. H. Correia Lianshe Fu Rute A. S. Ferreira Paulo S. André |
| author_sort | Tiago Silvério |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Given the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things and because of the concerns around counterfeited goods, secure and resilient cryptographic systems are in high demand. Due to the development of digital ecosystems, mobile applications for transactions require fast and reliable methods to generate secure cryptographic keys, such as Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). We demonstrate a compact and reliable photonic PUF device able to be applied in mobile-based authentication. A miniaturized, energy-efficient, and low-cost token was forged of flexible luminescent organic–inorganic hybrid materials doped with lanthanides, displaying unique challenge–response pairs (CRPs) for two-factor authentication. Under laser irradiation in the red spectral region, a speckle pattern is attained and accessed through conventional charge-coupled cameras, and under ultraviolet light-emitting diodes, it displays a luminescent pattern accessed through hyperspectral imaging and converted to a random intensity-based pattern, ensuring the two-factor authentication. This methodology features the use of a discrete cosine transform to enable a low-cost and semi-compact encryption system suited for speckle and luminescence-based CRPs. The PUF evaluation and the authentication protocol required the analysis of multiple CRPs from different tokens, establishing an optimal cryptographic key size (128 bits) and an optimal decision threshold level that minimizes the error probability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:15:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a1caffe316974bf38d70bbfdddc61c85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2158-3226 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:15:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | AIP Publishing LLC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AIP Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-a1caffe316974bf38d70bbfdddc61c852022-12-22T04:27:14ZengAIP Publishing LLCAIP Advances2158-32262022-08-01128085316085316-910.1063/5.0101483Functional mobile-based two-factor authentication by photonic physical unclonable functionsTiago Silvério0Lília M. S. Dias1João F. C. B. Ramalho2Sandra F. H. Correia3Lianshe Fu4Rute A. S. Ferreira5Paulo S. André6CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicações, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicações, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalGiven the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things and because of the concerns around counterfeited goods, secure and resilient cryptographic systems are in high demand. Due to the development of digital ecosystems, mobile applications for transactions require fast and reliable methods to generate secure cryptographic keys, such as Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). We demonstrate a compact and reliable photonic PUF device able to be applied in mobile-based authentication. A miniaturized, energy-efficient, and low-cost token was forged of flexible luminescent organic–inorganic hybrid materials doped with lanthanides, displaying unique challenge–response pairs (CRPs) for two-factor authentication. Under laser irradiation in the red spectral region, a speckle pattern is attained and accessed through conventional charge-coupled cameras, and under ultraviolet light-emitting diodes, it displays a luminescent pattern accessed through hyperspectral imaging and converted to a random intensity-based pattern, ensuring the two-factor authentication. This methodology features the use of a discrete cosine transform to enable a low-cost and semi-compact encryption system suited for speckle and luminescence-based CRPs. The PUF evaluation and the authentication protocol required the analysis of multiple CRPs from different tokens, establishing an optimal cryptographic key size (128 bits) and an optimal decision threshold level that minimizes the error probability.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101483 |
| spellingShingle | Tiago Silvério Lília M. S. Dias João F. C. B. Ramalho Sandra F. H. Correia Lianshe Fu Rute A. S. Ferreira Paulo S. André Functional mobile-based two-factor authentication by photonic physical unclonable functions AIP Advances |
| title | Functional mobile-based two-factor authentication by photonic physical unclonable functions |
| title_full | Functional mobile-based two-factor authentication by photonic physical unclonable functions |
| title_fullStr | Functional mobile-based two-factor authentication by photonic physical unclonable functions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional mobile-based two-factor authentication by photonic physical unclonable functions |
| title_short | Functional mobile-based two-factor authentication by photonic physical unclonable functions |
| title_sort | functional mobile based two factor authentication by photonic physical unclonable functions |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101483 |
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