Umbilical Cord Blood Leptin and IL-6 in the Presence of Maternal Diabetes or Chorioamnionitis
Diabetes during pregnancy is associated with elevated maternal insulin, leptin and IL-6. Within the placenta, IL-6 can further stimulate leptin production. Despite structural similarities and shared roles in inflammation, leptin and IL-6 have contrasting effects on neurodevelopment, and the relative...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.836541/full |
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| author | Lauren K. Vasilakos Baiba Steinbrekera Donna A. Santillan Mark K. Santillan Debra S. Brandt Daniel Dagle Robert D. Roghair |
| author_facet | Lauren K. Vasilakos Baiba Steinbrekera Donna A. Santillan Mark K. Santillan Debra S. Brandt Daniel Dagle Robert D. Roghair |
| author_sort | Lauren K. Vasilakos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diabetes during pregnancy is associated with elevated maternal insulin, leptin and IL-6. Within the placenta, IL-6 can further stimulate leptin production. Despite structural similarities and shared roles in inflammation, leptin and IL-6 have contrasting effects on neurodevelopment, and the relative importance of maternal diabetes or chorioamnionitis on fetal hormone exposure has not been defined. We hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between IL-6 and leptin with progressively increased levels in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes and chorioamnionitis. To test this hypothesis, cord blood samples were obtained from 104 term infants, including 47 exposed to maternal diabetes. Leptin, insulin, and IL-6 were quantified by multiplex assay. Factors independently associated with hormone levels were identified by univariate and multivariate linear regression. Unlike IL-6, leptin and insulin were significantly increased by maternal diabetes. Maternal BMI and birth weight were independent predictors of leptin and insulin with birth weight the strongest predictor of leptin. Clinically diagnosed chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis were associated with increased IL-6 but not leptin. Among appropriate for gestational age infants without sepsis, IL-6 and leptin were strongly correlated (R=0.6, P<0.001). In summary, maternal diabetes and birth weight are associated with leptin while chorioamnionitis is associated with IL-6. The constraint of the positive association between leptin and IL-6 to infants without sepsis suggests that the term infant and placenta may have a limited capacity to increase cord blood levels of the neuroprotective hormone leptin in the presence of increased cord blood levels of the potential neurotoxin IL-6. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T20:48:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a1d46ba3f9ee4314813ff757b9692afd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T20:48:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a1d46ba3f9ee4314813ff757b9692afd2022-12-21T20:06:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922022-02-011310.3389/fendo.2022.836541836541Umbilical Cord Blood Leptin and IL-6 in the Presence of Maternal Diabetes or ChorioamnionitisLauren K. Vasilakos0Baiba Steinbrekera1Donna A. Santillan2Mark K. Santillan3Debra S. Brandt4Daniel Dagle5Robert D. Roghair6Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDepartment of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United StatesDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesStead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesStead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDiabetes during pregnancy is associated with elevated maternal insulin, leptin and IL-6. Within the placenta, IL-6 can further stimulate leptin production. Despite structural similarities and shared roles in inflammation, leptin and IL-6 have contrasting effects on neurodevelopment, and the relative importance of maternal diabetes or chorioamnionitis on fetal hormone exposure has not been defined. We hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between IL-6 and leptin with progressively increased levels in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes and chorioamnionitis. To test this hypothesis, cord blood samples were obtained from 104 term infants, including 47 exposed to maternal diabetes. Leptin, insulin, and IL-6 were quantified by multiplex assay. Factors independently associated with hormone levels were identified by univariate and multivariate linear regression. Unlike IL-6, leptin and insulin were significantly increased by maternal diabetes. Maternal BMI and birth weight were independent predictors of leptin and insulin with birth weight the strongest predictor of leptin. Clinically diagnosed chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis were associated with increased IL-6 but not leptin. Among appropriate for gestational age infants without sepsis, IL-6 and leptin were strongly correlated (R=0.6, P<0.001). In summary, maternal diabetes and birth weight are associated with leptin while chorioamnionitis is associated with IL-6. The constraint of the positive association between leptin and IL-6 to infants without sepsis suggests that the term infant and placenta may have a limited capacity to increase cord blood levels of the neuroprotective hormone leptin in the presence of increased cord blood levels of the potential neurotoxin IL-6.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.836541/fulldevelopmentinflammationinsulinneonatalobesitysepsis |
| spellingShingle | Lauren K. Vasilakos Baiba Steinbrekera Donna A. Santillan Mark K. Santillan Debra S. Brandt Daniel Dagle Robert D. Roghair Umbilical Cord Blood Leptin and IL-6 in the Presence of Maternal Diabetes or Chorioamnionitis Frontiers in Endocrinology development inflammation insulin neonatal obesity sepsis |
| title | Umbilical Cord Blood Leptin and IL-6 in the Presence of Maternal Diabetes or Chorioamnionitis |
| title_full | Umbilical Cord Blood Leptin and IL-6 in the Presence of Maternal Diabetes or Chorioamnionitis |
| title_fullStr | Umbilical Cord Blood Leptin and IL-6 in the Presence of Maternal Diabetes or Chorioamnionitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Umbilical Cord Blood Leptin and IL-6 in the Presence of Maternal Diabetes or Chorioamnionitis |
| title_short | Umbilical Cord Blood Leptin and IL-6 in the Presence of Maternal Diabetes or Chorioamnionitis |
| title_sort | umbilical cord blood leptin and il 6 in the presence of maternal diabetes or chorioamnionitis |
| topic | development inflammation insulin neonatal obesity sepsis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.836541/full |
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