Processing and microstructure of a Cu-Al-Fe-Mn alloy via droplet-on-demand additive manufacturing
Control over the microstructure and properties of alloys produced via additive manufacturing (AM) is a key barrier that limits widespread industrial adoption. Herein we demonstrate that liquid metal jetting (LMJ), an emerging metal-AM technique, can address this need by controlling the microstructur...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127523009607 |
| _version_ | 1827375619080454144 |
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| author | Kellen D. Traxel Eric S. Elton Amelia M. Petersen Chinthaka M. Silva Aurélien Perron Jason R. Jeffries Andrew J. Pascall |
| author_facet | Kellen D. Traxel Eric S. Elton Amelia M. Petersen Chinthaka M. Silva Aurélien Perron Jason R. Jeffries Andrew J. Pascall |
| author_sort | Kellen D. Traxel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Control over the microstructure and properties of alloys produced via additive manufacturing (AM) is a key barrier that limits widespread industrial adoption. Herein we demonstrate that liquid metal jetting (LMJ), an emerging metal-AM technique, can address this need by controlling the microstructure evolution during printing of bronze alloy C95400 (Cu-Al-Fe-Mn). We probed several solid-state phase transformations upon cooling by printing single-tracks onto a heated baseplate ranging from 50 °C to 600 °C surface temperature, which led to significant variation in the α-Cu and δ-Fe phase distribution, grain morphology, and chemical distribution within the deposited single-tracks. The printed microstructures exhibited as much as 80% difference in α-Cu grain size and nearly 30 % difference in α-Cu phase fraction due to baseplate temperature variation, indicating a wide range of available microstructures and properties achievable. Greater than 92% dense multi-layer samples were fabricated with fine grain structure and 27–34% higher hardness values compared to the barstock in the as-printed condition, demonstrating the applicability of this printing approach for multi-layer part fabrication. Our results highlight a unique microstructure tailoring capability for metal-AM parts that can be leveraged by manufacturers and end-users of AM technologies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:54:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a1deb8f678ec4942b30d3a61bb71026c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:54:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-a1deb8f678ec4942b30d3a61bb71026c2024-01-24T05:16:16ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752024-01-01237112544Processing and microstructure of a Cu-Al-Fe-Mn alloy via droplet-on-demand additive manufacturingKellen D. Traxel0Eric S. Elton1Amelia M. Petersen2Chinthaka M. Silva3Aurélien Perron4Jason R. Jeffries5Andrew J. Pascall6Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, United States; Corresponding author.Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, United StatesLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, United StatesPacific Northwest National Laboratory, 02 Battelle Boulevard Richland, WA 99354, United StatesLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, United StatesLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, United StatesLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, United StatesControl over the microstructure and properties of alloys produced via additive manufacturing (AM) is a key barrier that limits widespread industrial adoption. Herein we demonstrate that liquid metal jetting (LMJ), an emerging metal-AM technique, can address this need by controlling the microstructure evolution during printing of bronze alloy C95400 (Cu-Al-Fe-Mn). We probed several solid-state phase transformations upon cooling by printing single-tracks onto a heated baseplate ranging from 50 °C to 600 °C surface temperature, which led to significant variation in the α-Cu and δ-Fe phase distribution, grain morphology, and chemical distribution within the deposited single-tracks. The printed microstructures exhibited as much as 80% difference in α-Cu grain size and nearly 30 % difference in α-Cu phase fraction due to baseplate temperature variation, indicating a wide range of available microstructures and properties achievable. Greater than 92% dense multi-layer samples were fabricated with fine grain structure and 27–34% higher hardness values compared to the barstock in the as-printed condition, demonstrating the applicability of this printing approach for multi-layer part fabrication. Our results highlight a unique microstructure tailoring capability for metal-AM parts that can be leveraged by manufacturers and end-users of AM technologies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127523009607Additive manufacturingLiquid metal jettingAluminum bronzeMicrostructurePhase transformations |
| spellingShingle | Kellen D. Traxel Eric S. Elton Amelia M. Petersen Chinthaka M. Silva Aurélien Perron Jason R. Jeffries Andrew J. Pascall Processing and microstructure of a Cu-Al-Fe-Mn alloy via droplet-on-demand additive manufacturing Materials & Design Additive manufacturing Liquid metal jetting Aluminum bronze Microstructure Phase transformations |
| title | Processing and microstructure of a Cu-Al-Fe-Mn alloy via droplet-on-demand additive manufacturing |
| title_full | Processing and microstructure of a Cu-Al-Fe-Mn alloy via droplet-on-demand additive manufacturing |
| title_fullStr | Processing and microstructure of a Cu-Al-Fe-Mn alloy via droplet-on-demand additive manufacturing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Processing and microstructure of a Cu-Al-Fe-Mn alloy via droplet-on-demand additive manufacturing |
| title_short | Processing and microstructure of a Cu-Al-Fe-Mn alloy via droplet-on-demand additive manufacturing |
| title_sort | processing and microstructure of a cu al fe mn alloy via droplet on demand additive manufacturing |
| topic | Additive manufacturing Liquid metal jetting Aluminum bronze Microstructure Phase transformations |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127523009607 |
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