Reference Values and Repeatability of Pulsed Wave Doppler Echocardiography Parameters in Normal Donkeys
In the present study, thirty clinically healthy donkeys were used to establish the reference values and repeatability for Pulsed Wave Doppler echocardiographic variables of the mitral valve, aortic valve and myocardial performance. 2-dimensional Color flow mapping and spectral Doppler modes were per...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| author | Mohamed Marzok Adel I. Almubarak Zakriya Al Mohamad Mohamed Salem Alshimaa M. Farag Hussam M. Ibrahim Maged R. El-Ashker Sabry El-khodery |
| author_facet | Mohamed Marzok Adel I. Almubarak Zakriya Al Mohamad Mohamed Salem Alshimaa M. Farag Hussam M. Ibrahim Maged R. El-Ashker Sabry El-khodery |
| author_sort | Mohamed Marzok |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present study, thirty clinically healthy donkeys were used to establish the reference values and repeatability for Pulsed Wave Doppler echocardiographic variables of the mitral valve, aortic valve and myocardial performance. 2-dimensional Color flow mapping and spectral Doppler modes were performed. For the mitral valve, the mean velocity, pressure gradient and duration of E-wave were 57.7 ± 12.5 cm/s, 1.4 ± 0.7 mmHg and 0.4 ± 0.13 s, respectively. The velocity, pressure gradient and duration of the A-wave were 32.3 ± 9.1 cm/s, 0.3 ± 0.04 mmHg and 0.3 ± 0.1 s, respectively. The mitral valve area, pressure half time, pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and velocity time integral (VTI) were 1.8 ± 0.5 cm<sup>2</sup>, 66 ± 17 ms, 2.8 ± 1.4, 0.9 ± 0.03 and 19.1 ± 5.7 cm, respectively. For the aortic valve, the mean velocity was 64.9 ± 10.4 cm/s, pressure gradient was 1.8 ± 0.4 mmHg, pulsatility index was 1.4 ± 0.3, resistance index was 0.9 ± 0.02, VTI was 25.02 ± 6.2 cm, systolic/diastolic was 19 ± 4.7 and heart rate was 95.7 ± 28.9 per minute. For Myocardial Performance Index (LV)–Tei Index, the mean ejection, isovolumic relaxation, isovolumic contraction time and myocardial performance index were 0.24 ± 0.01, 0.14 ± 0.01, 0.14 ± 0.02 and 1.2 ± 0.1 s, respectively. The results of the present study provide the reference values of PW echocardiographic parameter measurements in normal adult donkeys. Such reference values are helpful, especially when confronted with clinical cases with cardiovascular disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:06:48Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:06:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a1e11753fac14c8da70513c2d84938d62023-11-23T12:38:35ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-09-011217229610.3390/ani12172296Reference Values and Repeatability of Pulsed Wave Doppler Echocardiography Parameters in Normal DonkeysMohamed Marzok0Adel I. Almubarak1Zakriya Al Mohamad2Mohamed Salem3Alshimaa M. Farag4Hussam M. Ibrahim5Maged R. El-Ashker6Sabry El-khodery7Department of Clinical Scienses, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Scienses, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Scienses, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Scienses, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Manosura 35516, EgyptDepartment of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Manosura 35516, EgyptDepartment of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Manosura 35516, EgyptDepartment of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Manosura 35516, EgyptIn the present study, thirty clinically healthy donkeys were used to establish the reference values and repeatability for Pulsed Wave Doppler echocardiographic variables of the mitral valve, aortic valve and myocardial performance. 2-dimensional Color flow mapping and spectral Doppler modes were performed. For the mitral valve, the mean velocity, pressure gradient and duration of E-wave were 57.7 ± 12.5 cm/s, 1.4 ± 0.7 mmHg and 0.4 ± 0.13 s, respectively. The velocity, pressure gradient and duration of the A-wave were 32.3 ± 9.1 cm/s, 0.3 ± 0.04 mmHg and 0.3 ± 0.1 s, respectively. The mitral valve area, pressure half time, pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and velocity time integral (VTI) were 1.8 ± 0.5 cm<sup>2</sup>, 66 ± 17 ms, 2.8 ± 1.4, 0.9 ± 0.03 and 19.1 ± 5.7 cm, respectively. For the aortic valve, the mean velocity was 64.9 ± 10.4 cm/s, pressure gradient was 1.8 ± 0.4 mmHg, pulsatility index was 1.4 ± 0.3, resistance index was 0.9 ± 0.02, VTI was 25.02 ± 6.2 cm, systolic/diastolic was 19 ± 4.7 and heart rate was 95.7 ± 28.9 per minute. For Myocardial Performance Index (LV)–Tei Index, the mean ejection, isovolumic relaxation, isovolumic contraction time and myocardial performance index were 0.24 ± 0.01, 0.14 ± 0.01, 0.14 ± 0.02 and 1.2 ± 0.1 s, respectively. The results of the present study provide the reference values of PW echocardiographic parameter measurements in normal adult donkeys. Such reference values are helpful, especially when confronted with clinical cases with cardiovascular disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/17/2296pulsed waveechocardiographydonkeysreference values |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Marzok Adel I. Almubarak Zakriya Al Mohamad Mohamed Salem Alshimaa M. Farag Hussam M. Ibrahim Maged R. El-Ashker Sabry El-khodery Reference Values and Repeatability of Pulsed Wave Doppler Echocardiography Parameters in Normal Donkeys Animals pulsed wave echocardiography donkeys reference values |
| title | Reference Values and Repeatability of Pulsed Wave Doppler Echocardiography Parameters in Normal Donkeys |
| title_full | Reference Values and Repeatability of Pulsed Wave Doppler Echocardiography Parameters in Normal Donkeys |
| title_fullStr | Reference Values and Repeatability of Pulsed Wave Doppler Echocardiography Parameters in Normal Donkeys |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reference Values and Repeatability of Pulsed Wave Doppler Echocardiography Parameters in Normal Donkeys |
| title_short | Reference Values and Repeatability of Pulsed Wave Doppler Echocardiography Parameters in Normal Donkeys |
| title_sort | reference values and repeatability of pulsed wave doppler echocardiography parameters in normal donkeys |
| topic | pulsed wave echocardiography donkeys reference values |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/17/2296 |
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