Numerical Simulation of Photospheric Emission in Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prompt Correlations, Spectral Shapes, and Polarizations
We explore the properties of photospheric emission in the context of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) using three numerical models that combine relativistic hydrodynamical simulations and Monte Carlo radiation transfer calculations in three dimensions. Our simulations confirm that photospheric emission...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace775 |
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| author | Hirotaka Ito Jin Matsumoto Shigehiro Nagataki Donald C. Warren Maxim V. Barkov Daisuke Yonetoku |
| author_facet | Hirotaka Ito Jin Matsumoto Shigehiro Nagataki Donald C. Warren Maxim V. Barkov Daisuke Yonetoku |
| author_sort | Hirotaka Ito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We explore the properties of photospheric emission in the context of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) using three numerical models that combine relativistic hydrodynamical simulations and Monte Carlo radiation transfer calculations in three dimensions. Our simulations confirm that photospheric emission gives rise to correlations between the spectral peak energy and luminosity that agree with the observed Yonetoku, Amati, and Golenetskii correlations. It is also shown that the spectral peak energy and luminosity correlate with the bulk Lorentz factor, as indicated in the literature. On the other hand, synthetic spectral shapes tend to be narrower than those of the observations. This result indicates that an additional physical process that can provide nonthermal broadening is needed to reproduce the spectral features. Furthermore, the polarization analysis finds that, while the degree of polarization is low for the emission from the jet core (Π < 4%), it tends to increase with viewing angle outside of the core and can be as high as Π ∼ 20%–40% in an extreme case. This suggests that the typical GRBs show systematically low polarization compared to softer, dimmer counterparts (X-ray-rich GRBs and X-ray flashes). Interestingly, our simulations indicate that photospheric emission exhibits large temporal variation in the polarization position angle (Δ ψ ∼ 90°), which may be compatible with those inferred in observations. A notable energy dependence of the polarization property is another characteristic feature found in the current study. Particularly, the difference in the position angle among different energy bands can be as large as ∼90°. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:22:18Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:22:18Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-a1f6cf1d77f34458a278738459be69672024-01-31T11:33:16ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-01961224310.3847/1538-4357/ace775Numerical Simulation of Photospheric Emission in Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prompt Correlations, Spectral Shapes, and PolarizationsHirotaka Ito0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-763XJin Matsumoto1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5637-0372Shigehiro Nagataki2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-284XDonald C. Warren3Maxim V. Barkov4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0960-5407Daisuke Yonetoku5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-8306Cluster for Pioneering Research , RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan ; hirotaka.ito@riken.jp; Interdisciplinary Theoretical & Mathematical Science Program (iTHEMS) , RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, JapanKeio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Keio University , Yokohama 223-8522, JapanInterdisciplinary Theoretical & Mathematical Science Program (iTHEMS) , RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory (ABBL) , RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Astrophysical Big Bang Group (ABBG), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) , 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, JapanFlorida Institute of Technology , 150 W. University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USAInstitute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, 119017, Russia; Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, 117997, RussiaCollege of Science and Engineering, School of Mathematics and Physics, Kanazawa University , Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, JapanWe explore the properties of photospheric emission in the context of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) using three numerical models that combine relativistic hydrodynamical simulations and Monte Carlo radiation transfer calculations in three dimensions. Our simulations confirm that photospheric emission gives rise to correlations between the spectral peak energy and luminosity that agree with the observed Yonetoku, Amati, and Golenetskii correlations. It is also shown that the spectral peak energy and luminosity correlate with the bulk Lorentz factor, as indicated in the literature. On the other hand, synthetic spectral shapes tend to be narrower than those of the observations. This result indicates that an additional physical process that can provide nonthermal broadening is needed to reproduce the spectral features. Furthermore, the polarization analysis finds that, while the degree of polarization is low for the emission from the jet core (Π < 4%), it tends to increase with viewing angle outside of the core and can be as high as Π ∼ 20%–40% in an extreme case. This suggests that the typical GRBs show systematically low polarization compared to softer, dimmer counterparts (X-ray-rich GRBs and X-ray flashes). Interestingly, our simulations indicate that photospheric emission exhibits large temporal variation in the polarization position angle (Δ ψ ∼ 90°), which may be compatible with those inferred in observations. A notable energy dependence of the polarization property is another characteristic feature found in the current study. Particularly, the difference in the position angle among different energy bands can be as large as ∼90°.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace775Gamma-ray burstsRadiative transfer simulationsHydrodynamical simulations |
| spellingShingle | Hirotaka Ito Jin Matsumoto Shigehiro Nagataki Donald C. Warren Maxim V. Barkov Daisuke Yonetoku Numerical Simulation of Photospheric Emission in Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prompt Correlations, Spectral Shapes, and Polarizations The Astrophysical Journal Gamma-ray bursts Radiative transfer simulations Hydrodynamical simulations |
| title | Numerical Simulation of Photospheric Emission in Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prompt Correlations, Spectral Shapes, and Polarizations |
| title_full | Numerical Simulation of Photospheric Emission in Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prompt Correlations, Spectral Shapes, and Polarizations |
| title_fullStr | Numerical Simulation of Photospheric Emission in Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prompt Correlations, Spectral Shapes, and Polarizations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Simulation of Photospheric Emission in Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prompt Correlations, Spectral Shapes, and Polarizations |
| title_short | Numerical Simulation of Photospheric Emission in Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prompt Correlations, Spectral Shapes, and Polarizations |
| title_sort | numerical simulation of photospheric emission in long gamma ray bursts prompt correlations spectral shapes and polarizations |
| topic | Gamma-ray bursts Radiative transfer simulations Hydrodynamical simulations |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace775 |
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