Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration–Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a disease of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract due to disturbance of the inflammation and immune system. Symptoms of IBD include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, reduced weight, and fatigu...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/1311 |
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| author | Soon Jae Kwon Muhammad Sohaib Khan Sang Geon Kim |
| author_facet | Soon Jae Kwon Muhammad Sohaib Khan Sang Geon Kim |
| author_sort | Soon Jae Kwon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a disease of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract due to disturbance of the inflammation and immune system. Symptoms of IBD include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, reduced weight, and fatigue. In IBD, the immune system attacks the intestinal tract’s inner wall, causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In particular, interlukin-6 and interlukin-17 act on immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, to amplify the immune responses so that tissue damage and morphological changes occur. Of note, excessive calorie intake and obesity also affect the immune system due to inflammation caused by lipotoxicity and changes in lipids supply. Similarly, individuals with IBD have alterations in liver function after sustained high-fat diet feeding. In addition, excess dietary fat intake, along with alterations in primary and secondary bile acids in the colon, can affect the onset and progression of IBD because inflammatory cytokines contribute to insulin resistance; the factors include the release of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and changes in intestinal microflora, which may also contribute to disease progression. However, interfering with de novo fatty acid synthase by deleting the enzyme acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) leads to the deficiency of epithelial crypt structures and tissue regeneration, which seems to be due to Lgr5<sup>+</sup> intestinal stem cell function. Thus, conflicting reports exist regarding high-fat diet effects on IBD animal models. This review will focus on the pathological basis of the link between dietary lipids intake and IBD and will cover the currently available pharmacological approaches. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:53:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a20296bccc4a412c972a54c4fc41ba9b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:53:06Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a20296bccc4a412c972a54c4fc41ba9b2024-01-29T13:59:33ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-01-01252131110.3390/ijms25021311Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration–Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseSoon Jae Kwon0Muhammad Sohaib Khan1Sang Geon Kim2Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaIntegrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaIntegrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a disease of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract due to disturbance of the inflammation and immune system. Symptoms of IBD include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, reduced weight, and fatigue. In IBD, the immune system attacks the intestinal tract’s inner wall, causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In particular, interlukin-6 and interlukin-17 act on immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, to amplify the immune responses so that tissue damage and morphological changes occur. Of note, excessive calorie intake and obesity also affect the immune system due to inflammation caused by lipotoxicity and changes in lipids supply. Similarly, individuals with IBD have alterations in liver function after sustained high-fat diet feeding. In addition, excess dietary fat intake, along with alterations in primary and secondary bile acids in the colon, can affect the onset and progression of IBD because inflammatory cytokines contribute to insulin resistance; the factors include the release of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and changes in intestinal microflora, which may also contribute to disease progression. However, interfering with de novo fatty acid synthase by deleting the enzyme acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) leads to the deficiency of epithelial crypt structures and tissue regeneration, which seems to be due to Lgr5<sup>+</sup> intestinal stem cell function. Thus, conflicting reports exist regarding high-fat diet effects on IBD animal models. This review will focus on the pathological basis of the link between dietary lipids intake and IBD and will cover the currently available pharmacological approaches.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/1311IBDIECslipid intakestem cellsinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Soon Jae Kwon Muhammad Sohaib Khan Sang Geon Kim Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration–Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences IBD IECs lipid intake stem cells inflammation |
| title | Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration–Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
| title_full | Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration–Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
| title_fullStr | Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration–Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration–Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
| title_short | Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration–Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
| title_sort | intestinal inflammation and regeneration interdigitating processes controlled by dietary lipids in inflammatory bowel disease |
| topic | IBD IECs lipid intake stem cells inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/1311 |
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