Adverse Audio-Vestibular Effects of Drugs and Vaccines Used in the Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19: A Review
(1) Background: The purpose of this article is to review pharmacological treatments for COVID-19 (currently approved by the EMA (European Medical Agency) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration)) and highlight their potential audio-vestibular side-effects as an ototoxic adverse reaction. (2) Methods:...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Audiology Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4349/12/3/25 |
| _version_ | 1797490044456402944 |
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| author | Magdalena B. Skarzynska Monika Matusiak Piotr H. Skarzynski |
| author_facet | Magdalena B. Skarzynska Monika Matusiak Piotr H. Skarzynski |
| author_sort | Magdalena B. Skarzynska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: The purpose of this article is to review pharmacological treatments for COVID-19 (currently approved by the EMA (European Medical Agency) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration)) and highlight their potential audio-vestibular side-effects as an ototoxic adverse reaction. (2) Methods: Review of the available literature in the scientific databases PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, and in summaries of product data sheets. (3) Results: In accordance with EBM (evidence-based medicine) the treatment of COVID-19 by using lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, favipiravir, amantadine, oseltamivir, and ivermectin is no longer recommended for patients suffering from COVID-19 due to a lack of clinical data, publications, and recommendations. There were 39 publications and 15 summaries of product characteristics (as other sources of data) which were also used in this analysis. Adverse events could be permanent or disappear over time. Following treatment for COVID-19, the most frequent adverse audio-vestibular reactions reported in clinical trials and publications in the area of audiology and otorhinolaryngology were: dizziness, blurry vision with dizziness, nasopharyngitis, dysgeusia, and tinnitus. As far as vaccines are concerned, dizziness as an ototoxic effect was uncommon and occurs only in hypersensitive people who experience anaphylactic shock. (4) Conclusions: The ototoxicity of the drugs discussed here does not have as severe symptoms as the drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 in 2020 (e.g., hydroxychloroquine), and relates mainly to disorders of the vestibulocochlear system. However, there is still a need to monitor ototoxic side-effects because of potential interactions with other ototoxic drugs. Many of the drugs approved by EMA and FDA are new, and not every side-effect is known. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:25:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a208179bb1a44cc8971ef3b82114b982 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2039-4349 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:25:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Audiology Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-a208179bb1a44cc8971ef3b82114b9822023-11-23T15:34:33ZengMDPI AGAudiology Research2039-43492022-04-0112322424810.3390/audiolres12030025Adverse Audio-Vestibular Effects of Drugs and Vaccines Used in the Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19: A ReviewMagdalena B. Skarzynska0Monika Matusiak1Piotr H. Skarzynski2Institute of Sensory Organs, 05-830 Warsaw, PolandWorld Hearing Center, Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Surgery Department, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 05-830 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Sensory Organs, 05-830 Warsaw, Poland(1) Background: The purpose of this article is to review pharmacological treatments for COVID-19 (currently approved by the EMA (European Medical Agency) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration)) and highlight their potential audio-vestibular side-effects as an ototoxic adverse reaction. (2) Methods: Review of the available literature in the scientific databases PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, and in summaries of product data sheets. (3) Results: In accordance with EBM (evidence-based medicine) the treatment of COVID-19 by using lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, favipiravir, amantadine, oseltamivir, and ivermectin is no longer recommended for patients suffering from COVID-19 due to a lack of clinical data, publications, and recommendations. There were 39 publications and 15 summaries of product characteristics (as other sources of data) which were also used in this analysis. Adverse events could be permanent or disappear over time. Following treatment for COVID-19, the most frequent adverse audio-vestibular reactions reported in clinical trials and publications in the area of audiology and otorhinolaryngology were: dizziness, blurry vision with dizziness, nasopharyngitis, dysgeusia, and tinnitus. As far as vaccines are concerned, dizziness as an ototoxic effect was uncommon and occurs only in hypersensitive people who experience anaphylactic shock. (4) Conclusions: The ototoxicity of the drugs discussed here does not have as severe symptoms as the drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 in 2020 (e.g., hydroxychloroquine), and relates mainly to disorders of the vestibulocochlear system. However, there is still a need to monitor ototoxic side-effects because of potential interactions with other ototoxic drugs. Many of the drugs approved by EMA and FDA are new, and not every side-effect is known.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4349/12/3/25ototoxicityCOVID-19vaccinehearing losstinnitusdizziness |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena B. Skarzynska Monika Matusiak Piotr H. Skarzynski Adverse Audio-Vestibular Effects of Drugs and Vaccines Used in the Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19: A Review Audiology Research ototoxicity COVID-19 vaccine hearing loss tinnitus dizziness |
| title | Adverse Audio-Vestibular Effects of Drugs and Vaccines Used in the Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19: A Review |
| title_full | Adverse Audio-Vestibular Effects of Drugs and Vaccines Used in the Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Adverse Audio-Vestibular Effects of Drugs and Vaccines Used in the Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adverse Audio-Vestibular Effects of Drugs and Vaccines Used in the Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19: A Review |
| title_short | Adverse Audio-Vestibular Effects of Drugs and Vaccines Used in the Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19: A Review |
| title_sort | adverse audio vestibular effects of drugs and vaccines used in the treatment and prevention of covid 19 a review |
| topic | ototoxicity COVID-19 vaccine hearing loss tinnitus dizziness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4349/12/3/25 |
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