Sulfasalazine Attenuates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Immune Responses
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and related exotoxins are important virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus as they cause human diseases such as food poisoning and toxic shock. These toxins bind directly to cells of the immune system resulting in hyperactivation of both T lymphocytes...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2015-02-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/2/553 |
| _version_ | 1818006966026371072 |
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| author | Teresa Krakauer |
| author_facet | Teresa Krakauer |
| author_sort | Teresa Krakauer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and related exotoxins are important virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus as they cause human diseases such as food poisoning and toxic shock. These toxins bind directly to cells of the immune system resulting in hyperactivation of both T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. The excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines from these cells mediates the toxic effects of SEB. This study examined the inhibitory activities of an anti-inflammatory drug, sulfasalazine, on SEB-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Sulfasalazine dose-dependently inhibited tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1 (IL-1) β, IL-2, IL-6, interferon γ (IFNγ), and various chemotactic cytokines from SEB-stimulated human PBMC. Sulfasalazine also potently blocked SEB-induced T cell proliferation and NFκB activation. These results suggest that sulfasalazine might be useful in mitigating the toxic effects of SEB by blocking SEB-induced host inflammatory cascade and signaling pathways. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T05:08:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a20c4daa9594442e8fe40a0f8a3cd4bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T05:08:37Z |
| publishDate | 2015-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-a20c4daa9594442e8fe40a0f8a3cd4bb2022-12-22T02:10:37ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512015-02-017255355910.3390/toxins7020553toxins7020553Sulfasalazine Attenuates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Immune ResponsesTeresa Krakauer0Department of Immunology, Molecular Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, USAStaphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and related exotoxins are important virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus as they cause human diseases such as food poisoning and toxic shock. These toxins bind directly to cells of the immune system resulting in hyperactivation of both T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. The excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines from these cells mediates the toxic effects of SEB. This study examined the inhibitory activities of an anti-inflammatory drug, sulfasalazine, on SEB-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Sulfasalazine dose-dependently inhibited tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1 (IL-1) β, IL-2, IL-6, interferon γ (IFNγ), and various chemotactic cytokines from SEB-stimulated human PBMC. Sulfasalazine also potently blocked SEB-induced T cell proliferation and NFκB activation. These results suggest that sulfasalazine might be useful in mitigating the toxic effects of SEB by blocking SEB-induced host inflammatory cascade and signaling pathways.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/2/553staphylococcal enterotoxin Binflammatory cytokinessulfasalazine |
| spellingShingle | Teresa Krakauer Sulfasalazine Attenuates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Immune Responses Toxins staphylococcal enterotoxin B inflammatory cytokines sulfasalazine |
| title | Sulfasalazine Attenuates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Immune Responses |
| title_full | Sulfasalazine Attenuates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Immune Responses |
| title_fullStr | Sulfasalazine Attenuates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Immune Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sulfasalazine Attenuates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Immune Responses |
| title_short | Sulfasalazine Attenuates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Immune Responses |
| title_sort | sulfasalazine attenuates staphylococcal enterotoxin b induced immune responses |
| topic | staphylococcal enterotoxin B inflammatory cytokines sulfasalazine |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/2/553 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT teresakrakauer sulfasalazineattenuatesstaphylococcalenterotoxinbinducedimmuneresponses |