Signals of Pig Ancestry in Wild Boar, <i>Sus scrofa</i>, from Eastern Austria: Current Hybridisation or Incomplete Gene Pool Differentiation and Historical Introgressions?
In wild boar, <i>Sus scrofa</i>, from Europe, domestic pig-typical ancestry is traced at varying levels. We hypothesised wild boar with pig-typical gene pool characteristics, i.e., “introgression”, congregate more in peri-urban habitats, because of less shyness and better adaptation to a...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/6/790 |
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| author | Denise Böheim Felix Knauer Milomir Stefanović Richard Zink Anna Kübber-Heiss Annika Posautz Christoph Beiglböck Andrea Dressler Verena Strauss Helmut Dier Mihajla Djan Nevena Veličković Chavdar Dinev Zhelev Steve Smith Franz Suchentrunk |
| author_facet | Denise Böheim Felix Knauer Milomir Stefanović Richard Zink Anna Kübber-Heiss Annika Posautz Christoph Beiglböck Andrea Dressler Verena Strauss Helmut Dier Mihajla Djan Nevena Veličković Chavdar Dinev Zhelev Steve Smith Franz Suchentrunk |
| author_sort | Denise Böheim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In wild boar, <i>Sus scrofa</i>, from Europe, domestic pig-typical ancestry is traced at varying levels. We hypothesised wild boar with pig-typical gene pool characteristics, i.e., “introgression”, congregate more in peri-urban habitats, because of less shyness and better adaptation to anthropogenic stress. We used 16 microsatellites to study introgression levels of 375 wild boar from peri-urban Vienna, Austria, and rural regions in comparison to commercial slaughter pigs, Mangaliza, and Turopolje pigs. We also expected more introgression in locations of warmer climates and lower precipitation. Despite discrimination of wild boar and pigs with 99.73% and 97.87% probability, respectively, all wild boars exhibited pig-typical gene pool characteristics, mostly at a very low level. Recent hybridisation was suspected in only 0.53% of wild boar, corresponding to the current largely indoor pig breeding/rearing in the region, with no chance of natural gene exchange between pigs and wild boar. Rather, pig ancestry in wild boar stems from incomplete gene pool differentiation during domestication and/or historical introgressions, when free-ranging pig farming was common. Individual introgression levels were lower in wild boar from peri-urban habitats, possibly reflecting the largely historical absence of pig farms there. Moreover, a marginal precipitation effect, but no temperature effect on introgression was observed. The latter, however, needs to be explored further by a more comprehensive data set. |
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| issn | 1424-2818 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:33:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Diversity |
| spelling | doaj.art-a20e1cb179e94132a54245a5619f3a6a2023-11-18T10:03:32ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182023-06-0115679010.3390/d15060790Signals of Pig Ancestry in Wild Boar, <i>Sus scrofa</i>, from Eastern Austria: Current Hybridisation or Incomplete Gene Pool Differentiation and Historical Introgressions?Denise Böheim0Felix Knauer1Milomir Stefanović2Richard Zink3Anna Kübber-Heiss4Annika Posautz5Christoph Beiglböck6Andrea Dressler7Verena Strauss8Helmut Dier9Mihajla Djan10Nevena Veličković11Chavdar Dinev Zhelev12Steve Smith13Franz Suchentrunk14Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, AustriaResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, AustriaFaculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, AustriaResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, AustriaResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, AustriaResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, AustriaResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, AustriaResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, AustriaResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, AustriaFaculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaFaculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaSouthwestern State Forest Enterprise Blagoevgrad, Zora Str. 18, 2700 Blagoevgrad, BulgariaResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, AustriaResearch Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, AustriaIn wild boar, <i>Sus scrofa</i>, from Europe, domestic pig-typical ancestry is traced at varying levels. We hypothesised wild boar with pig-typical gene pool characteristics, i.e., “introgression”, congregate more in peri-urban habitats, because of less shyness and better adaptation to anthropogenic stress. We used 16 microsatellites to study introgression levels of 375 wild boar from peri-urban Vienna, Austria, and rural regions in comparison to commercial slaughter pigs, Mangaliza, and Turopolje pigs. We also expected more introgression in locations of warmer climates and lower precipitation. Despite discrimination of wild boar and pigs with 99.73% and 97.87% probability, respectively, all wild boars exhibited pig-typical gene pool characteristics, mostly at a very low level. Recent hybridisation was suspected in only 0.53% of wild boar, corresponding to the current largely indoor pig breeding/rearing in the region, with no chance of natural gene exchange between pigs and wild boar. Rather, pig ancestry in wild boar stems from incomplete gene pool differentiation during domestication and/or historical introgressions, when free-ranging pig farming was common. Individual introgression levels were lower in wild boar from peri-urban habitats, possibly reflecting the largely historical absence of pig farms there. Moreover, a marginal precipitation effect, but no temperature effect on introgression was observed. The latter, however, needs to be explored further by a more comprehensive data set.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/6/790wild boardomestic pig<i>Sus scrofa</i>gene poolgenetic structure and admixturegene pool introgression |
| spellingShingle | Denise Böheim Felix Knauer Milomir Stefanović Richard Zink Anna Kübber-Heiss Annika Posautz Christoph Beiglböck Andrea Dressler Verena Strauss Helmut Dier Mihajla Djan Nevena Veličković Chavdar Dinev Zhelev Steve Smith Franz Suchentrunk Signals of Pig Ancestry in Wild Boar, <i>Sus scrofa</i>, from Eastern Austria: Current Hybridisation or Incomplete Gene Pool Differentiation and Historical Introgressions? Diversity wild boar domestic pig <i>Sus scrofa</i> gene pool genetic structure and admixture gene pool introgression |
| title | Signals of Pig Ancestry in Wild Boar, <i>Sus scrofa</i>, from Eastern Austria: Current Hybridisation or Incomplete Gene Pool Differentiation and Historical Introgressions? |
| title_full | Signals of Pig Ancestry in Wild Boar, <i>Sus scrofa</i>, from Eastern Austria: Current Hybridisation or Incomplete Gene Pool Differentiation and Historical Introgressions? |
| title_fullStr | Signals of Pig Ancestry in Wild Boar, <i>Sus scrofa</i>, from Eastern Austria: Current Hybridisation or Incomplete Gene Pool Differentiation and Historical Introgressions? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Signals of Pig Ancestry in Wild Boar, <i>Sus scrofa</i>, from Eastern Austria: Current Hybridisation or Incomplete Gene Pool Differentiation and Historical Introgressions? |
| title_short | Signals of Pig Ancestry in Wild Boar, <i>Sus scrofa</i>, from Eastern Austria: Current Hybridisation or Incomplete Gene Pool Differentiation and Historical Introgressions? |
| title_sort | signals of pig ancestry in wild boar i sus scrofa i from eastern austria current hybridisation or incomplete gene pool differentiation and historical introgressions |
| topic | wild boar domestic pig <i>Sus scrofa</i> gene pool genetic structure and admixture gene pool introgression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/6/790 |
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