Reference ranges and Z-scores for fetal cardiac measurements from two-dimensional echocardiography in Asian population.
Currently available fetal echocardiographic reference values are derived mainly from North American and European population studies, and there is a lack of reference z-score for fetal echocardiographic measurement in Asian populations. The aim of this study was to establish normal ranges of echocard...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2020-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233179 |
| _version_ | 1798032640559808512 |
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| author | Eric C Lussier Shu-Jen Yeh Wan-Ling Chih Shan-Miao Lin Yu-Ching Chou Szu-Ping Huang Ming-Ren Chen Tung-Yao Chang |
| author_facet | Eric C Lussier Shu-Jen Yeh Wan-Ling Chih Shan-Miao Lin Yu-Ching Chou Szu-Ping Huang Ming-Ren Chen Tung-Yao Chang |
| author_sort | Eric C Lussier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently available fetal echocardiographic reference values are derived mainly from North American and European population studies, and there is a lack of reference z-score for fetal echocardiographic measurement in Asian populations. The aim of this study was to establish normal ranges of echocardiographic measurements and z-scores in healthy Asian fetuses. A total of 575 healthy pregnant Taiwanese with an estimated gestational age from 14 to 38 weeks were enrolled voluntarily for this observational study. Standard two-dimensional echocardiography was performed to obtain measurements of the cardiac chambers and great arteries of the developing fetuses. In contrast to past studies, our sample was more evenly distributed for estimated gestational age (p<0.001). We present percentile graphs for 13 fetal echocardiographic measurements from the knowledge of estimated gestational age, biparietal distance, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length. Most cardiac structures and developmental markers had linear models as the best-fitting, except for transverse aortic isthmus by estimated gestational age and transverse ductus arteriosus by femur length. Our findings indicate that estimated gestational age was generally the best model for fetal heart development, while head circumferences could be used as an optimal developmental marker to predict left atrium, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary annulus, and ductus arteriosus. Lastly, we developed nomograms for each of the 13 fetal heart measurements by each developmental markers. This is the first study providing echocardiographic reference ranges and nomograms for Asian fetuses. Computing z-scores from nomograms helps in standardizing comparisons and adds additional prognostic information to the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:16:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a215d6bb0def4c4580ee4c32ac770bd3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:16:14Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-a215d6bb0def4c4580ee4c32ac770bd32022-12-22T04:04:57ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032020-01-01156e023317910.1371/journal.pone.0233179Reference ranges and Z-scores for fetal cardiac measurements from two-dimensional echocardiography in Asian population.Eric C LussierShu-Jen YehWan-Ling ChihShan-Miao LinYu-Ching ChouSzu-Ping HuangMing-Ren ChenTung-Yao ChangCurrently available fetal echocardiographic reference values are derived mainly from North American and European population studies, and there is a lack of reference z-score for fetal echocardiographic measurement in Asian populations. The aim of this study was to establish normal ranges of echocardiographic measurements and z-scores in healthy Asian fetuses. A total of 575 healthy pregnant Taiwanese with an estimated gestational age from 14 to 38 weeks were enrolled voluntarily for this observational study. Standard two-dimensional echocardiography was performed to obtain measurements of the cardiac chambers and great arteries of the developing fetuses. In contrast to past studies, our sample was more evenly distributed for estimated gestational age (p<0.001). We present percentile graphs for 13 fetal echocardiographic measurements from the knowledge of estimated gestational age, biparietal distance, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length. Most cardiac structures and developmental markers had linear models as the best-fitting, except for transverse aortic isthmus by estimated gestational age and transverse ductus arteriosus by femur length. Our findings indicate that estimated gestational age was generally the best model for fetal heart development, while head circumferences could be used as an optimal developmental marker to predict left atrium, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary annulus, and ductus arteriosus. Lastly, we developed nomograms for each of the 13 fetal heart measurements by each developmental markers. This is the first study providing echocardiographic reference ranges and nomograms for Asian fetuses. Computing z-scores from nomograms helps in standardizing comparisons and adds additional prognostic information to the diagnosis of congenital heart disease.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233179 |
| spellingShingle | Eric C Lussier Shu-Jen Yeh Wan-Ling Chih Shan-Miao Lin Yu-Ching Chou Szu-Ping Huang Ming-Ren Chen Tung-Yao Chang Reference ranges and Z-scores for fetal cardiac measurements from two-dimensional echocardiography in Asian population. PLoS ONE |
| title | Reference ranges and Z-scores for fetal cardiac measurements from two-dimensional echocardiography in Asian population. |
| title_full | Reference ranges and Z-scores for fetal cardiac measurements from two-dimensional echocardiography in Asian population. |
| title_fullStr | Reference ranges and Z-scores for fetal cardiac measurements from two-dimensional echocardiography in Asian population. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reference ranges and Z-scores for fetal cardiac measurements from two-dimensional echocardiography in Asian population. |
| title_short | Reference ranges and Z-scores for fetal cardiac measurements from two-dimensional echocardiography in Asian population. |
| title_sort | reference ranges and z scores for fetal cardiac measurements from two dimensional echocardiography in asian population |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233179 |
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