Impact of Co-morbidities on Outcome of COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study among Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit
Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been a major cause of apprehension, morbidity, and mortality in 2020. It had been postulated that associated co-morbid conditions in COVID-19 patients increase the severity of COVID-19 which leads to six times more chances of hospitalisation...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/15163/48792_CE[Ra1]_F[IK]_PF1(AkA_OM)_PN(KM).pdf |
| Summary: | Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been
a major cause of apprehension, morbidity, and mortality in 2020.
It had been postulated that associated co-morbid conditions
in COVID-19 patients increase the severity of COVID-19 which
leads to six times more chances of hospitalisation than patients
without co-morbid condition. Mortality is also 12 times higher
in such patients.
Aim: To find out the association between co-morbidities and
mortalities due to COVID-19 pneumonia.
Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study
was conducted in a tertiary teaching institute of North India
which was designated Level 3 (L-3) facility for treatment of
COVID-19 patients. All 109 COVID-19 patients confirmed by
Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR),
admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from 1st July 2020 to 30th
November 2020 formed the sample of the study. Data was taken
regarding past history, clinical histories and examinations and
ICU care and treatments. Based on their final outcome at the
end of ICU care, patients were divided into two groups-group 1
(Non-survivor or Expired) and group 2 (Survived) and intergroup
differences were studied.
Results: COVID-19 infection was about three times more
common in males. Severe category of COVID-19 patients had
higher mortality (59.2 % of severe category expired during
hospital course, 1.7% patients expired in moderate category
group). Most common co-morbidities were hypertension
(n=51, 46.8%) and diabetes (n=48, 44%). Multivariate
analysis showed that co-morbidities in the form of chronic
liver disease (OR -0.127(0.024-0.681, p-value 0.016)) and
post tubercular sequel (OR 0.036(0.003-0.442, p-value 0.009))
were less likely to occur in COVID-19 patients who survived,
thus making these co-morbidities significant contributor to
the adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. More number
of co-morbidities in a patient were associated with higher
chance of mortality and this trend was significant statistically
(p-value<0.001).
Conclusion: Patients with multiple co-morbidities, chronic liver
disease and post tubercular sequel were associated with higher
mortality in COVID-19 patients. |
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| ISSN: | 2249-782X 0973-709X |