Using Bidimensional Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Ultrasound Images to Assess the Effect of Various Walking Intensities on Plantar Soft Tissues
Walking performance is usually assessed by linear analysis of walking outcome measures. However, human movements consist of both linear and nonlinear complexity components. The purpose of this study was to use bidimensional multiscale entropy analysis of ultrasound images to evaluate the effects of...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| author | Ben-Yi Liau Fu-Lien Wu Keying Zhang Chi-Wen Lung Chunmei Cao Yih-Kuen Jan |
| author_facet | Ben-Yi Liau Fu-Lien Wu Keying Zhang Chi-Wen Lung Chunmei Cao Yih-Kuen Jan |
| author_sort | Ben-Yi Liau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Walking performance is usually assessed by linear analysis of walking outcome measures. However, human movements consist of both linear and nonlinear complexity components. The purpose of this study was to use bidimensional multiscale entropy analysis of ultrasound images to evaluate the effects of various walking intensities on plantar soft tissues. Twelve participants were recruited to perform six walking protocols, consisting of three speeds (slow at 1.8 mph, moderate at 3.6 mph, and fast at 5.4 mph) for two durations (10 and 20 min). A B-mode ultrasound was used to assess plantar soft tissues before and after six walking protocols. Bidimensional multiscale entropy (MSE<sub>2D</sub>) and the Complexity Index (CI) were used to quantify the changes in irregularity of the ultrasound images of the plantar soft tissues. The results showed that the CI of ultrasound images after 20 min walking increased when compared to before walking (CI<sub>4</sub>: 0.39 vs. 0.35; CI<sub>5</sub>: 0.48 vs. 0.43, <i>p</i> < 0.05). When comparing 20 and 10 min walking protocols at 3.6 mph, the CI was higher after 20 min walking than after 10 min walking (CI<sub>4</sub>: 0.39 vs. 0.36, <i>p</i> < 0.05; and CI<sub>5</sub>: 0.48 vs. 0.44, <i>p</i> < 0.05). This is the first study to use bidimensional multiscale entropy analysis of ultrasound images to assess plantar soft tissues after various walking intensities. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:35:40Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a220e1940fb74a6e843fd8565feb7b332023-12-11T18:13:28ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002021-02-0123326410.3390/e23030264Using Bidimensional Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Ultrasound Images to Assess the Effect of Various Walking Intensities on Plantar Soft TissuesBen-Yi Liau0Fu-Lien Wu1Keying Zhang2Chi-Wen Lung3Chunmei Cao4Yih-Kuen Jan5Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433304, TaiwanRehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USARehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USARehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USADivision of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaRehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USAWalking performance is usually assessed by linear analysis of walking outcome measures. However, human movements consist of both linear and nonlinear complexity components. The purpose of this study was to use bidimensional multiscale entropy analysis of ultrasound images to evaluate the effects of various walking intensities on plantar soft tissues. Twelve participants were recruited to perform six walking protocols, consisting of three speeds (slow at 1.8 mph, moderate at 3.6 mph, and fast at 5.4 mph) for two durations (10 and 20 min). A B-mode ultrasound was used to assess plantar soft tissues before and after six walking protocols. Bidimensional multiscale entropy (MSE<sub>2D</sub>) and the Complexity Index (CI) were used to quantify the changes in irregularity of the ultrasound images of the plantar soft tissues. The results showed that the CI of ultrasound images after 20 min walking increased when compared to before walking (CI<sub>4</sub>: 0.39 vs. 0.35; CI<sub>5</sub>: 0.48 vs. 0.43, <i>p</i> < 0.05). When comparing 20 and 10 min walking protocols at 3.6 mph, the CI was higher after 20 min walking than after 10 min walking (CI<sub>4</sub>: 0.39 vs. 0.36, <i>p</i> < 0.05; and CI<sub>5</sub>: 0.48 vs. 0.44, <i>p</i> < 0.05). This is the first study to use bidimensional multiscale entropy analysis of ultrasound images to assess plantar soft tissues after various walking intensities.https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/3/264complexitymultiscale entropyplantar footregularityultrasound |
| spellingShingle | Ben-Yi Liau Fu-Lien Wu Keying Zhang Chi-Wen Lung Chunmei Cao Yih-Kuen Jan Using Bidimensional Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Ultrasound Images to Assess the Effect of Various Walking Intensities on Plantar Soft Tissues Entropy complexity multiscale entropy plantar foot regularity ultrasound |
| title | Using Bidimensional Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Ultrasound Images to Assess the Effect of Various Walking Intensities on Plantar Soft Tissues |
| title_full | Using Bidimensional Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Ultrasound Images to Assess the Effect of Various Walking Intensities on Plantar Soft Tissues |
| title_fullStr | Using Bidimensional Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Ultrasound Images to Assess the Effect of Various Walking Intensities on Plantar Soft Tissues |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using Bidimensional Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Ultrasound Images to Assess the Effect of Various Walking Intensities on Plantar Soft Tissues |
| title_short | Using Bidimensional Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Ultrasound Images to Assess the Effect of Various Walking Intensities on Plantar Soft Tissues |
| title_sort | using bidimensional multiscale entropy analysis of ultrasound images to assess the effect of various walking intensities on plantar soft tissues |
| topic | complexity multiscale entropy plantar foot regularity ultrasound |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/3/264 |
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