Effect of wither application of an analogue of pig appeasing pheromone on encounters between unfamiliar mini-pigs
Abstract Background The practice of mixing unfamiliar pigs on farms is common but results in fighting, welfare problems and performance issues. Pigs have different ways of resolving social conflicts, including aggressive and affiliative behaviours. Synthetic appeasing pheromones have demonstrated ma...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Porcine Health Management |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-022-00294-7 |
| _version_ | 1798005367072882688 |
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| author | Míriam Marcet-Rius Tiago Mendonça Patrick Pageat Sana Arroub Cécile Bienboire-Frosini Camille Chabaud Eva Teruel Alessandro Cozzi |
| author_facet | Míriam Marcet-Rius Tiago Mendonça Patrick Pageat Sana Arroub Cécile Bienboire-Frosini Camille Chabaud Eva Teruel Alessandro Cozzi |
| author_sort | Míriam Marcet-Rius |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The practice of mixing unfamiliar pigs on farms is common but results in fighting, welfare problems and performance issues. Pigs have different ways of resolving social conflicts, including aggressive and affiliative behaviours. Synthetic appeasing pheromones have demonstrated many positive effects in animal husbandry and are regularly used by breeders to improve animal welfare and performance. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a new method of applying pig appeasing-pheromone (PAP) to the withers in an experimental model of pig mixing to determine whether PAP reduced aggression and fighting, increased prosocial behaviours, and improved behavioural and physiological indicators of welfare. Results PAP reduced fighting between mini-pigs (df = 1; F = 13.47; P = 0.001; mixed logistic regression). Even if not significant, agonistic behaviours tended to be reduced when the treatment was applied (df = 1; F = 4.14; P = 0.058; mixed logistic regression). Likewise, mini-pigs seemed to be scored as not aggressive at all (df = 1; F = 3.61; P = 0.070; GLMM) and to be less aggressive toward the other pig than when placebo was applied. Concerning the latency of the first contact without aggression, a significant effect was found between the PAP and placebo groups (df = 1; χ 2 = 4.74; P = 0.0295; Cox model). Moreover, even if not significant, the treated mini-pigs seemed to spent more time looking at each other (df = 1; F = 3.59; P = 0.071; GLMM) and immobile and/or ground sniffing (df = 1; F = 3.18; P = 0.088; GLMM) than those that received placebo. No significant difference was found between groups for salivary cortisol concentration (df = 1; F = 0.10; P = 0.752; GLMM), but variances between groups were heterogeneous at every time. No significant difference was found between groups regarding alpha-amylase activity (df = 1; F = 0.25; P = 0.621; GLMM), but variances between groups were heterogeneous at T0, T1 and T3. These results indicate that the variability (dispersion) within each group was lower when PAP was applied than when the placebo was applied. Conclusions The new method of applying PAP improved welfare of mini-pigs (as models of domestic pigs) by reducing fighting, among other interesting results. PAP seems thus a promising biomimetic tool to enhance animal welfare in pig production systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:38:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a2271a2dde0f478d963decfb4f8a1426 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2055-5660 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:38:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Porcine Health Management |
| spelling | doaj.art-a2271a2dde0f478d963decfb4f8a14262022-12-22T04:23:34ZengBMCPorcine Health Management2055-56602022-12-018111310.1186/s40813-022-00294-7Effect of wither application of an analogue of pig appeasing pheromone on encounters between unfamiliar mini-pigsMíriam Marcet-Rius0Tiago Mendonça1Patrick Pageat2Sana Arroub3Cécile Bienboire-Frosini4Camille Chabaud5Eva Teruel6Alessandro Cozzi7IRSEA (Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology)IRSEA (Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology)IRSEA (Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology)IRSEA (Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology)IRSEA (Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology)IRSEA (Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology)IRSEA (Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology)IRSEA (Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology)Abstract Background The practice of mixing unfamiliar pigs on farms is common but results in fighting, welfare problems and performance issues. Pigs have different ways of resolving social conflicts, including aggressive and affiliative behaviours. Synthetic appeasing pheromones have demonstrated many positive effects in animal husbandry and are regularly used by breeders to improve animal welfare and performance. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a new method of applying pig appeasing-pheromone (PAP) to the withers in an experimental model of pig mixing to determine whether PAP reduced aggression and fighting, increased prosocial behaviours, and improved behavioural and physiological indicators of welfare. Results PAP reduced fighting between mini-pigs (df = 1; F = 13.47; P = 0.001; mixed logistic regression). Even if not significant, agonistic behaviours tended to be reduced when the treatment was applied (df = 1; F = 4.14; P = 0.058; mixed logistic regression). Likewise, mini-pigs seemed to be scored as not aggressive at all (df = 1; F = 3.61; P = 0.070; GLMM) and to be less aggressive toward the other pig than when placebo was applied. Concerning the latency of the first contact without aggression, a significant effect was found between the PAP and placebo groups (df = 1; χ 2 = 4.74; P = 0.0295; Cox model). Moreover, even if not significant, the treated mini-pigs seemed to spent more time looking at each other (df = 1; F = 3.59; P = 0.071; GLMM) and immobile and/or ground sniffing (df = 1; F = 3.18; P = 0.088; GLMM) than those that received placebo. No significant difference was found between groups for salivary cortisol concentration (df = 1; F = 0.10; P = 0.752; GLMM), but variances between groups were heterogeneous at every time. No significant difference was found between groups regarding alpha-amylase activity (df = 1; F = 0.25; P = 0.621; GLMM), but variances between groups were heterogeneous at T0, T1 and T3. These results indicate that the variability (dispersion) within each group was lower when PAP was applied than when the placebo was applied. Conclusions The new method of applying PAP improved welfare of mini-pigs (as models of domestic pigs) by reducing fighting, among other interesting results. PAP seems thus a promising biomimetic tool to enhance animal welfare in pig production systems.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-022-00294-7Agonistic behaviourFighting in pigsMixing of pigsAppeasing pheromonesProsocial behavioursAnimal welfare |
| spellingShingle | Míriam Marcet-Rius Tiago Mendonça Patrick Pageat Sana Arroub Cécile Bienboire-Frosini Camille Chabaud Eva Teruel Alessandro Cozzi Effect of wither application of an analogue of pig appeasing pheromone on encounters between unfamiliar mini-pigs Porcine Health Management Agonistic behaviour Fighting in pigs Mixing of pigs Appeasing pheromones Prosocial behaviours Animal welfare |
| title | Effect of wither application of an analogue of pig appeasing pheromone on encounters between unfamiliar mini-pigs |
| title_full | Effect of wither application of an analogue of pig appeasing pheromone on encounters between unfamiliar mini-pigs |
| title_fullStr | Effect of wither application of an analogue of pig appeasing pheromone on encounters between unfamiliar mini-pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of wither application of an analogue of pig appeasing pheromone on encounters between unfamiliar mini-pigs |
| title_short | Effect of wither application of an analogue of pig appeasing pheromone on encounters between unfamiliar mini-pigs |
| title_sort | effect of wither application of an analogue of pig appeasing pheromone on encounters between unfamiliar mini pigs |
| topic | Agonistic behaviour Fighting in pigs Mixing of pigs Appeasing pheromones Prosocial behaviours Animal welfare |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-022-00294-7 |
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