Individuals With Weaker Antibody Responses After Booster Immunization Are Prone to Omicron Breakthrough Infections
BackgroundDespite the high level of protection against severe COVID-19 provided by the currently available vaccines some breakthrough infections occur. Until now, there is no information whether a potential risk of a breakthrough infection can be inferred from the level of antibodies after booster v...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.907343/full |
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| author | Birte Möhlendick Ieva Čiučiulkaitė Carina Elsner Olympia E. Anastasiou Mirko Trilling Bernd Wagner Denise Zwanziger Karl-Heinz Jöckel Ulf Dittmer Winfried Siffert |
| author_facet | Birte Möhlendick Ieva Čiučiulkaitė Carina Elsner Olympia E. Anastasiou Mirko Trilling Bernd Wagner Denise Zwanziger Karl-Heinz Jöckel Ulf Dittmer Winfried Siffert |
| author_sort | Birte Möhlendick |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundDespite the high level of protection against severe COVID-19 provided by the currently available vaccines some breakthrough infections occur. Until now, there is no information whether a potential risk of a breakthrough infection can be inferred from the level of antibodies after booster vaccination.MethodsLevels of binding antibodies and neutralization capacity after the first, one and six month after the second, and one month after the third (booster) vaccination against COVID-19 were measured in serum samples from 1391 healthcare workers at the University Hospital Essen. Demographics, vaccination scheme, pre-infection antibody titers and neutralization capacity were compared between individuals with and without breakthrough infections.ResultsThe risk of developing an Omicron breakthrough infection was independent of vaccination scheme, sex, body mass index, smoking status or pre-existing conditions. In participants with low pre-infection anti-spike antibodies (≤ 2641.0 BAU/ml) and weaker neutralization capacity (≤ 65.9%) against Omicron one month after the booster vaccination the risk for developing an Omicron infection was 10-fold increased (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 2.36 - 47.55).ConclusionRoutine testing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and surrogate virus neutralization can quantify vaccine-induced humoral immune response and may help to identify subjects who are at risk for a breakthrough infection. The establishment of thresholds for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels identifying “non”-, “low” and “high”-responders may be used as an indication for re-vaccination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:36:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a227c65180904adda81524122452b126 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:36:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a227c65180904adda81524122452b1262022-12-22T03:30:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-06-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.907343907343Individuals With Weaker Antibody Responses After Booster Immunization Are Prone to Omicron Breakthrough InfectionsBirte Möhlendick0Ieva Čiučiulkaitė1Carina Elsner2Olympia E. Anastasiou3Mirko Trilling4Bernd Wagner5Denise Zwanziger6Karl-Heinz Jöckel7Ulf Dittmer8Winfried Siffert9Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanyInstitute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanyInstitute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanyInstitute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanyInstitute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanyInstitute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanyInstitute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanyInstitute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanyBackgroundDespite the high level of protection against severe COVID-19 provided by the currently available vaccines some breakthrough infections occur. Until now, there is no information whether a potential risk of a breakthrough infection can be inferred from the level of antibodies after booster vaccination.MethodsLevels of binding antibodies and neutralization capacity after the first, one and six month after the second, and one month after the third (booster) vaccination against COVID-19 were measured in serum samples from 1391 healthcare workers at the University Hospital Essen. Demographics, vaccination scheme, pre-infection antibody titers and neutralization capacity were compared between individuals with and without breakthrough infections.ResultsThe risk of developing an Omicron breakthrough infection was independent of vaccination scheme, sex, body mass index, smoking status or pre-existing conditions. In participants with low pre-infection anti-spike antibodies (≤ 2641.0 BAU/ml) and weaker neutralization capacity (≤ 65.9%) against Omicron one month after the booster vaccination the risk for developing an Omicron infection was 10-fold increased (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 2.36 - 47.55).ConclusionRoutine testing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and surrogate virus neutralization can quantify vaccine-induced humoral immune response and may help to identify subjects who are at risk for a breakthrough infection. The establishment of thresholds for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels identifying “non”-, “low” and “high”-responders may be used as an indication for re-vaccination.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.907343/fullSARS-CoV-2booster vaccinationbreakthrough infectionCOVID-19humoral immune responseneutralization |
| spellingShingle | Birte Möhlendick Ieva Čiučiulkaitė Carina Elsner Olympia E. Anastasiou Mirko Trilling Bernd Wagner Denise Zwanziger Karl-Heinz Jöckel Ulf Dittmer Winfried Siffert Individuals With Weaker Antibody Responses After Booster Immunization Are Prone to Omicron Breakthrough Infections Frontiers in Immunology SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination breakthrough infection COVID-19 humoral immune response neutralization |
| title | Individuals With Weaker Antibody Responses After Booster Immunization Are Prone to Omicron Breakthrough Infections |
| title_full | Individuals With Weaker Antibody Responses After Booster Immunization Are Prone to Omicron Breakthrough Infections |
| title_fullStr | Individuals With Weaker Antibody Responses After Booster Immunization Are Prone to Omicron Breakthrough Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Individuals With Weaker Antibody Responses After Booster Immunization Are Prone to Omicron Breakthrough Infections |
| title_short | Individuals With Weaker Antibody Responses After Booster Immunization Are Prone to Omicron Breakthrough Infections |
| title_sort | individuals with weaker antibody responses after booster immunization are prone to omicron breakthrough infections |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination breakthrough infection COVID-19 humoral immune response neutralization |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.907343/full |
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