Pharmaceutically active micropollutants: origin, hazards and removal
Pharmaceuticals, recognized for their life-saving potential, have emerged as a concerning class of micropollutants in the environment. Even at minute concentrations, chronic exposure poses a significant threat to ecosystems. Various pharmaceutically active micropollutants (PhAMP), including antibiot...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1339469/full |
| _version_ | 1797309027668983808 |
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| author | Anuradha Gupta Anuradha Gupta Sandeep Kumar Sandeep Kumar Sandeep Kumar Yashi Bajpai Yashi Bajpai Kavita Chaturvedi Kavita Chaturvedi Parul Johri Rajesh K. Tiwari V. Vivekanand Mala Trivedi |
| author_facet | Anuradha Gupta Anuradha Gupta Sandeep Kumar Sandeep Kumar Sandeep Kumar Yashi Bajpai Yashi Bajpai Kavita Chaturvedi Kavita Chaturvedi Parul Johri Rajesh K. Tiwari V. Vivekanand Mala Trivedi |
| author_sort | Anuradha Gupta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pharmaceuticals, recognized for their life-saving potential, have emerged as a concerning class of micropollutants in the environment. Even at minute concentrations, chronic exposure poses a significant threat to ecosystems. Various pharmaceutically active micropollutants (PhAMP), including antibiotics, analgesics, and hormones, have been detected in underground waters, surface waters, seawater, sewage treatment plants, soils, and activated sludges due to the absence of standardized regulations on pharmaceutical discharge. Prolonged exposureof hospital waste and sewage treatment facilities is linked to the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Conventional water treatment methods prove ineffective, prompting the use of alternative techniques like photolysis, reverse osmosis, UV-degradation, bio-degradation, and nano-filtration. However, commercial implementation faces challenges such as incomplete removal, toxic sludge generation, high costs, and the need for skilled personnel. Research gaps include the need to comprehensively identify and understand various types of pharmaceutically active micropollutants, investigate their long-term ecological impact, develop more sensitive monitoring techniques, and explore integrated treatment approaches. Additionally, there is a gap in understanding the socio-economic implications of pharmaceutical pollution and the efficacy of public awareness campaigns. Future research should delve into alternative strategies like phagotherapy, vaccines, and natural substance substitutes to address the escalating threat of pharmaceutical pollution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T01:20:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a22b1284a7b64da79f4c2f116b353e4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T01:20:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a22b1284a7b64da79f4c2f116b353e4c2024-02-14T14:27:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2024-02-011510.3389/fmicb.2024.13394691339469Pharmaceutically active micropollutants: origin, hazards and removalAnuradha Gupta0Anuradha Gupta1Sandeep Kumar2Sandeep Kumar3Sandeep Kumar4Yashi Bajpai5Yashi Bajpai6Kavita Chaturvedi7Kavita Chaturvedi8Parul Johri9Rajesh K. Tiwari10V. Vivekanand11Mala Trivedi12Flavin Labs Private Limited, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaJ. Somaiya College of Science and Commerce, Mumbai, IndiaFlavin Labs Private Limited, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAmity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAmity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaFlavin Labs Private Limited, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaBundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, AITH, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAmity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, MNIT, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaAmity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaPharmaceuticals, recognized for their life-saving potential, have emerged as a concerning class of micropollutants in the environment. Even at minute concentrations, chronic exposure poses a significant threat to ecosystems. Various pharmaceutically active micropollutants (PhAMP), including antibiotics, analgesics, and hormones, have been detected in underground waters, surface waters, seawater, sewage treatment plants, soils, and activated sludges due to the absence of standardized regulations on pharmaceutical discharge. Prolonged exposureof hospital waste and sewage treatment facilities is linked to the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Conventional water treatment methods prove ineffective, prompting the use of alternative techniques like photolysis, reverse osmosis, UV-degradation, bio-degradation, and nano-filtration. However, commercial implementation faces challenges such as incomplete removal, toxic sludge generation, high costs, and the need for skilled personnel. Research gaps include the need to comprehensively identify and understand various types of pharmaceutically active micropollutants, investigate their long-term ecological impact, develop more sensitive monitoring techniques, and explore integrated treatment approaches. Additionally, there is a gap in understanding the socio-economic implications of pharmaceutical pollution and the efficacy of public awareness campaigns. Future research should delve into alternative strategies like phagotherapy, vaccines, and natural substance substitutes to address the escalating threat of pharmaceutical pollution.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1339469/fullpharmaceutically active micropollutantswastewater treatment plantantibiotic resistance genesremediationpotential threat |
| spellingShingle | Anuradha Gupta Anuradha Gupta Sandeep Kumar Sandeep Kumar Sandeep Kumar Yashi Bajpai Yashi Bajpai Kavita Chaturvedi Kavita Chaturvedi Parul Johri Rajesh K. Tiwari V. Vivekanand Mala Trivedi Pharmaceutically active micropollutants: origin, hazards and removal Frontiers in Microbiology pharmaceutically active micropollutants wastewater treatment plant antibiotic resistance genes remediation potential threat |
| title | Pharmaceutically active micropollutants: origin, hazards and removal |
| title_full | Pharmaceutically active micropollutants: origin, hazards and removal |
| title_fullStr | Pharmaceutically active micropollutants: origin, hazards and removal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pharmaceutically active micropollutants: origin, hazards and removal |
| title_short | Pharmaceutically active micropollutants: origin, hazards and removal |
| title_sort | pharmaceutically active micropollutants origin hazards and removal |
| topic | pharmaceutically active micropollutants wastewater treatment plant antibiotic resistance genes remediation potential threat |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1339469/full |
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