| Summary: | The composite electromagnetic (EM) scattering characteristics from a target above a canyon/valley environment are significant. Aiming to acquire the composite EM scattering efficiently and accurately, the framework of the canyon/valley environment modeling method and modified shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) hybrid with facet-based small slope approximation (FBSSA) algorithm is investigated. Firstly, the canyon/valley environment containing two slopes and a bottom modeling method is proposed. Then, considering the environment’s roughness, the modified SBR algorithm introduced by the high-order reflection model is proposed. Combined with the FBSSA, the modified SBR-FBSSA algorithm is an efficient and accurate method to predict composite EM scattering based on numerical verification. Finally, the effects of different surface types, roughness, slope angles, and incident-pitch and azimuth angles on the composite EM scattering characteristics are further analyzed. The work presented in this article provides a way to study the composite EM scattering from a target above the canyon/valley environment. Meanwhile, the complex scattering mechanism is revealed, and some valuable conclusions are put forward based on the physical phenomena.
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