Comparison of Different Physical Methods and Preservatives for Control of <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> Rot in Garlic
Dry rot is an emerging issue for garlic production worldwide and <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> is its major causal agent. Since the disease is seed-transmitted, sowing healthy cloves is crucial. In this study, some disinfection strategies were tested on garlic seeds, including steam, dry...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Horticulturae |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/12/1203 |
| _version_ | 1797457419289231360 |
|---|---|
| author | Laura La Placa Paola Giorni Letizia Mondani Naresh Magan Paola Battilani |
| author_facet | Laura La Placa Paola Giorni Letizia Mondani Naresh Magan Paola Battilani |
| author_sort | Laura La Placa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dry rot is an emerging issue for garlic production worldwide and <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> is its major causal agent. Since the disease is seed-transmitted, sowing healthy cloves is crucial. In this study, some disinfection strategies were tested on garlic seeds, including steam, dry heat, chemical disinfectants and gaseous ozone (O<sub>3</sub>). Steam reduced the Colony Forming Units·g<sup>−1</sup> (CFUs·g<sup>−1</sup>) by up to 92% in garlic seeds, but, at the same time, it affected their germination (−36%). Similarly, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and peracetic acid (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) reduced the CFUs·g<sup>−1</sup> by up to 83%; however, these methods also severely impaired germination (−40%). Dry heat did not negatively impact germination, but fungal contamination was not significantly reduced. The most promising strategy was gaseous O<sub>3</sub> treatment; it decreased CFUs·g<sup>−1</sup> by up to 96%, without causing any reduction of germination. The treatments applied were partially effective because the fungus is predominantly located in the outer layer of the seed, although it is also found in the inner portions. Some of these treatments can contribute to garlic protection from seed-borne pathogens and possibly reduce the occurrence of garlic dry rot. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:21:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a236e31df9e04b4dad2a8b02cf1227a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:21:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-a236e31df9e04b4dad2a8b02cf1227a82023-11-24T15:16:26ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242022-12-01812120310.3390/horticulturae8121203Comparison of Different Physical Methods and Preservatives for Control of <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> Rot in GarlicLaura La Placa0Paola Giorni1Letizia Mondani2Naresh Magan3Paola Battilani4Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, ItalyDepartment of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, ItalyDepartment of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, ItalyApplied Mycology Group, Institute of BioScience and Technology, Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedford MK45 4DT, UKDepartment of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, ItalyDry rot is an emerging issue for garlic production worldwide and <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> is its major causal agent. Since the disease is seed-transmitted, sowing healthy cloves is crucial. In this study, some disinfection strategies were tested on garlic seeds, including steam, dry heat, chemical disinfectants and gaseous ozone (O<sub>3</sub>). Steam reduced the Colony Forming Units·g<sup>−1</sup> (CFUs·g<sup>−1</sup>) by up to 92% in garlic seeds, but, at the same time, it affected their germination (−36%). Similarly, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and peracetic acid (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) reduced the CFUs·g<sup>−1</sup> by up to 83%; however, these methods also severely impaired germination (−40%). Dry heat did not negatively impact germination, but fungal contamination was not significantly reduced. The most promising strategy was gaseous O<sub>3</sub> treatment; it decreased CFUs·g<sup>−1</sup> by up to 96%, without causing any reduction of germination. The treatments applied were partially effective because the fungus is predominantly located in the outer layer of the seed, although it is also found in the inner portions. Some of these treatments can contribute to garlic protection from seed-borne pathogens and possibly reduce the occurrence of garlic dry rot.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/12/1203<i>Fusarium proliferatum</i>garlicdry rotphysical methodspreservatives |
| spellingShingle | Laura La Placa Paola Giorni Letizia Mondani Naresh Magan Paola Battilani Comparison of Different Physical Methods and Preservatives for Control of <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> Rot in Garlic Horticulturae <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> garlic dry rot physical methods preservatives |
| title | Comparison of Different Physical Methods and Preservatives for Control of <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> Rot in Garlic |
| title_full | Comparison of Different Physical Methods and Preservatives for Control of <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> Rot in Garlic |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Different Physical Methods and Preservatives for Control of <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> Rot in Garlic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Different Physical Methods and Preservatives for Control of <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> Rot in Garlic |
| title_short | Comparison of Different Physical Methods and Preservatives for Control of <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> Rot in Garlic |
| title_sort | comparison of different physical methods and preservatives for control of i fusarium proliferatum i rot in garlic |
| topic | <i>Fusarium proliferatum</i> garlic dry rot physical methods preservatives |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/12/1203 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lauralaplaca comparisonofdifferentphysicalmethodsandpreservativesforcontrolofifusariumproliferatumirotingarlic AT paolagiorni comparisonofdifferentphysicalmethodsandpreservativesforcontrolofifusariumproliferatumirotingarlic AT letiziamondani comparisonofdifferentphysicalmethodsandpreservativesforcontrolofifusariumproliferatumirotingarlic AT nareshmagan comparisonofdifferentphysicalmethodsandpreservativesforcontrolofifusariumproliferatumirotingarlic AT paolabattilani comparisonofdifferentphysicalmethodsandpreservativesforcontrolofifusariumproliferatumirotingarlic |