Moderate hypothermia inhibits microglial activation after traumatic brain injury by modulating autophagy/apoptosis and the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway
Abstract Background Complex mechanisms participate in microglial activation after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI can induce autophagy and apoptosis in neurons and glial cells, and moderate hypothermia plays a protective role in the acute phase of TBI. In the present study, we evaluated the effe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-018-1315-1 |
| _version_ | 1818217590153019392 |
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| author | Fengchen Zhang Haiping Dong Tao Lv Ke Jin Yichao Jin Xiaohua Zhang Jiyao Jiang |
| author_facet | Fengchen Zhang Haiping Dong Tao Lv Ke Jin Yichao Jin Xiaohua Zhang Jiyao Jiang |
| author_sort | Fengchen Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Complex mechanisms participate in microglial activation after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI can induce autophagy and apoptosis in neurons and glial cells, and moderate hypothermia plays a protective role in the acute phase of TBI. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of TBI and moderate hypothermia on microglial activation and investigated the possible roles of autophagy/apoptosis and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Methods The TBI model was induced with a fluid percussion TBI device. Moderate hypothermia was achieved under general anesthesia by partial immersion in a water bath for 4 h. All rats were killed 24 h after the TBI. Results Our results showed downregulation of the microglial activation and autophagy, but upregulation of microglial apoptosis, upon post-TBI hypothermia treatment. The expression of TLR4 and downstream myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) was attenuated. Moderate hypothermia reduced neural cell death post-TBI. Conclusions Moderate hypothermia can reduce the number of activated microglia by inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis, probably through a negative modulation between autophagy and apoptosis. Moderate hypothermia may attenuate the pro-inflammatory function of microglia by inhibiting the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T07:10:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a237991163794d9fb8a9094a4c5f05e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-2094 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T07:10:17Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| spelling | doaj.art-a237991163794d9fb8a9094a4c5f05e72022-12-22T00:33:38ZengBMCJournal of Neuroinflammation1742-20942018-09-0115111210.1186/s12974-018-1315-1Moderate hypothermia inhibits microglial activation after traumatic brain injury by modulating autophagy/apoptosis and the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathwayFengchen Zhang0Haiping Dong1Tao Lv2Ke Jin3Yichao Jin4Xiaohua Zhang5Jiyao Jiang6Department of Neurosurgery, Ren-Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ren-Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ren-Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ren-Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ren-Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ren-Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ren-Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityAbstract Background Complex mechanisms participate in microglial activation after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI can induce autophagy and apoptosis in neurons and glial cells, and moderate hypothermia plays a protective role in the acute phase of TBI. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of TBI and moderate hypothermia on microglial activation and investigated the possible roles of autophagy/apoptosis and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Methods The TBI model was induced with a fluid percussion TBI device. Moderate hypothermia was achieved under general anesthesia by partial immersion in a water bath for 4 h. All rats were killed 24 h after the TBI. Results Our results showed downregulation of the microglial activation and autophagy, but upregulation of microglial apoptosis, upon post-TBI hypothermia treatment. The expression of TLR4 and downstream myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) was attenuated. Moderate hypothermia reduced neural cell death post-TBI. Conclusions Moderate hypothermia can reduce the number of activated microglia by inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis, probably through a negative modulation between autophagy and apoptosis. Moderate hypothermia may attenuate the pro-inflammatory function of microglia by inhibiting the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-018-1315-1ApoptosisAutophagyMicroglial activationToll-like receptorTraumatic brain injury |
| spellingShingle | Fengchen Zhang Haiping Dong Tao Lv Ke Jin Yichao Jin Xiaohua Zhang Jiyao Jiang Moderate hypothermia inhibits microglial activation after traumatic brain injury by modulating autophagy/apoptosis and the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway Journal of Neuroinflammation Apoptosis Autophagy Microglial activation Toll-like receptor Traumatic brain injury |
| title | Moderate hypothermia inhibits microglial activation after traumatic brain injury by modulating autophagy/apoptosis and the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway |
| title_full | Moderate hypothermia inhibits microglial activation after traumatic brain injury by modulating autophagy/apoptosis and the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway |
| title_fullStr | Moderate hypothermia inhibits microglial activation after traumatic brain injury by modulating autophagy/apoptosis and the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Moderate hypothermia inhibits microglial activation after traumatic brain injury by modulating autophagy/apoptosis and the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway |
| title_short | Moderate hypothermia inhibits microglial activation after traumatic brain injury by modulating autophagy/apoptosis and the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway |
| title_sort | moderate hypothermia inhibits microglial activation after traumatic brain injury by modulating autophagy apoptosis and the myd88 dependent tlr4 signaling pathway |
| topic | Apoptosis Autophagy Microglial activation Toll-like receptor Traumatic brain injury |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12974-018-1315-1 |
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