Whey protein sweetened with Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Bert.) increases mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the skeletal muscle of resistance-trained rats
Abstract Background A combination of resistance training and whey protein supplementation is a common practice among athletes and recreational exercisers to enhance muscle growth and strength. Although their safety as food additives is controversial, artificial sweeteners are present in whey protein...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Nutrition & Metabolism |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12986-019-0391-2 |
| _version_ | 1818845924726669312 |
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| author | Yago Carvalho Lima Mirian Ayumi Kurauti Gabriel da Fonseca Alves Jonathan Ferezini Silvano Piovan Ananda Malta Fernanda Losi Alves de Almeida Rodrigo Mello Gomes Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias Paula Gimenez Milani Silvio Cláudio da Costa Cecilia Edna Mareze-Costa |
| author_facet | Yago Carvalho Lima Mirian Ayumi Kurauti Gabriel da Fonseca Alves Jonathan Ferezini Silvano Piovan Ananda Malta Fernanda Losi Alves de Almeida Rodrigo Mello Gomes Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias Paula Gimenez Milani Silvio Cláudio da Costa Cecilia Edna Mareze-Costa |
| author_sort | Yago Carvalho Lima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background A combination of resistance training and whey protein supplementation is a common practice among athletes and recreational exercisers to enhance muscle growth and strength. Although their safety as food additives is controversial, artificial sweeteners are present in whey protein supplements. Thus, natural sweeteners extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana are a potential alternative, due to their safety and health benefits. Here, we investigated the effects of whey protein sweetened with S. rebaudiana on physical performance and mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the skeletal muscle of resistance-trained rats. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: sedentary rats, trained rats, trained rats receiving whey protein and trained rats receiving whey protein sweetened with S. rebaudiana leaf extracts. Resistance training was performed by climbing a ladder 5 days per week, during 8-weeks. The training sessions consisted of four climbs carrying a load of 50, 75, 90, and 100% of the maximum load-carrying capacity which we determined before by performing a maximum load-carrying test for each animal. After this period, we collected plasma and tissues samples to evaluate biochemical, histological and molecular (western blot) parameters in these rats. Results Dietary supplementation with whey protein sweetened with S. rebaudiana significantly enhanced the maximum load-carrying capacity of resistance-trained rats, compared with non-sweetened whey protein supplementation. This enhanced physical performance was accompanied by an increase in the weight of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle pads. Although the muscle pad of the biceps brachii was not altered, we observed a significant increase in PGC-1α expression, which was followed by a similar pattern in TFAM protein expression, two important mitochondrial biogenesis markers. In addition, a higher level of AMPK phosphorylation was observed in these resistance-trained rats. Finally, supplementation with whey protein sweetened with S. rebaudiana also induced a significant decrease in retroperitoneal adipocyte diameter and an increase in the weight of brown adipose tissue pads in resistance-trained rats. Conclusion The addition of Stevia rebaudiana leaf extracts to whey protein appears to be a potential strategy for those who want to increase muscular mass and strength and also improve mitochondrial function. This strategy may be useful for both athletes and patients with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:37:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a23ab035de404301a5288288324557aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1743-7075 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:37:23Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrition & Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj.art-a23ab035de404301a5288288324557aa2022-12-21T20:34:06ZengBMCNutrition & Metabolism1743-70752019-09-0116111110.1186/s12986-019-0391-2Whey protein sweetened with Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Bert.) increases mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the skeletal muscle of resistance-trained ratsYago Carvalho Lima0Mirian Ayumi Kurauti1Gabriel da Fonseca Alves2Jonathan Ferezini3Silvano Piovan4Ananda Malta5Fernanda Losi Alves de Almeida6Rodrigo Mello Gomes7Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias8Paula Gimenez Milani9Silvio Cláudio da Costa10Cecilia Edna Mareze-Costa11Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM)Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM)Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM)Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM)Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM)Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de MaringáDepartment of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de MaringáDepartment of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de GoiásDepartment of Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de MaringáDepartment of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de MaringáDepartment of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de MaringáDepartment of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM)Abstract Background A combination of resistance training and whey protein supplementation is a common practice among athletes and recreational exercisers to enhance muscle growth and strength. Although their safety as food additives is controversial, artificial sweeteners are present in whey protein supplements. Thus, natural sweeteners extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana are a potential alternative, due to their safety and health benefits. Here, we investigated the effects of whey protein sweetened with S. rebaudiana on physical performance and mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the skeletal muscle of resistance-trained rats. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: sedentary rats, trained rats, trained rats receiving whey protein and trained rats receiving whey protein sweetened with S. rebaudiana leaf extracts. Resistance training was performed by climbing a ladder 5 days per week, during 8-weeks. The training sessions consisted of four climbs carrying a load of 50, 75, 90, and 100% of the maximum load-carrying capacity which we determined before by performing a maximum load-carrying test for each animal. After this period, we collected plasma and tissues samples to evaluate biochemical, histological and molecular (western blot) parameters in these rats. Results Dietary supplementation with whey protein sweetened with S. rebaudiana significantly enhanced the maximum load-carrying capacity of resistance-trained rats, compared with non-sweetened whey protein supplementation. This enhanced physical performance was accompanied by an increase in the weight of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle pads. Although the muscle pad of the biceps brachii was not altered, we observed a significant increase in PGC-1α expression, which was followed by a similar pattern in TFAM protein expression, two important mitochondrial biogenesis markers. In addition, a higher level of AMPK phosphorylation was observed in these resistance-trained rats. Finally, supplementation with whey protein sweetened with S. rebaudiana also induced a significant decrease in retroperitoneal adipocyte diameter and an increase in the weight of brown adipose tissue pads in resistance-trained rats. Conclusion The addition of Stevia rebaudiana leaf extracts to whey protein appears to be a potential strategy for those who want to increase muscular mass and strength and also improve mitochondrial function. This strategy may be useful for both athletes and patients with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12986-019-0391-2Adipocyte diameterMitochondrial functionMuscle fiber diameterNatural sweetenersStrength training |
| spellingShingle | Yago Carvalho Lima Mirian Ayumi Kurauti Gabriel da Fonseca Alves Jonathan Ferezini Silvano Piovan Ananda Malta Fernanda Losi Alves de Almeida Rodrigo Mello Gomes Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias Paula Gimenez Milani Silvio Cláudio da Costa Cecilia Edna Mareze-Costa Whey protein sweetened with Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Bert.) increases mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the skeletal muscle of resistance-trained rats Nutrition & Metabolism Adipocyte diameter Mitochondrial function Muscle fiber diameter Natural sweeteners Strength training |
| title | Whey protein sweetened with Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Bert.) increases mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the skeletal muscle of resistance-trained rats |
| title_full | Whey protein sweetened with Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Bert.) increases mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the skeletal muscle of resistance-trained rats |
| title_fullStr | Whey protein sweetened with Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Bert.) increases mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the skeletal muscle of resistance-trained rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Whey protein sweetened with Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Bert.) increases mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the skeletal muscle of resistance-trained rats |
| title_short | Whey protein sweetened with Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Bert.) increases mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the skeletal muscle of resistance-trained rats |
| title_sort | whey protein sweetened with stevia rebaudiana bertoni bert increases mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the skeletal muscle of resistance trained rats |
| topic | Adipocyte diameter Mitochondrial function Muscle fiber diameter Natural sweeteners Strength training |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12986-019-0391-2 |
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