Inter-row cropping and rootstock genotype selection in a UK cider orchard to combat apple replant disease
Abstract Apple rootstock genotypes confer different levels of tolerance to apple replant disease (ARD) and vigour to a newly replanted apple tree. A hybrid management system of rotating the rootstock genotype planted between successive generations and inter-row planting in the alleyways of orchards...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Phytopathology Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-023-00184-y |
| _version_ | 1827905605342330880 |
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| author | Chris Cook Naresh Magan Xiangming Xu |
| author_facet | Chris Cook Naresh Magan Xiangming Xu |
| author_sort | Chris Cook |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Apple rootstock genotypes confer different levels of tolerance to apple replant disease (ARD) and vigour to a newly replanted apple tree. A hybrid management system of rotating the rootstock genotype planted between successive generations and inter-row planting in the alleyways of orchards may minimise the severity of ARD symptoms. High-throughput sequencing of the fungal ITS and bacterial 16S rDNA regions was used to investigate the diversity, and differential taxa present in soils displaying symptoms of ARD. Candidate pathogens and beneficial microorganisms were correlated with the above-ground establishment of each rootstock genotype in a UK cider orchard. Our results suggest that the same rootstock or rootstock with closely related parentage to the previous rootstock had more severe ARD symptoms. Planting in the alleyway appeared an effective strategy to minimise the severity of symptoms irrespective of rootstock genotype. The planting location effect had a higher contribution to the variation in the rhizosphere microbiome than that of the rootstock genotype. No predicted causal agents for ARD could be identified to a taxonomic level to predict their function but two species associated with mycorrhizae, Pteridiospora spinosispora and Paraglomus laccatum were identified as inversely correlated with ARD severity and could be candidate beneficial species for apple, warranting further investigation and research. Our findings suggest that planting in the alleyways and planting rootstocks genetically dissimilar to the previously planted rootstock can be beneficial for tree establishment. We have also identified species inversely associated with ARD severity, making candidates for future research to test the antagonistic effect of the species against ARD pathogens in apple roots. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:44:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a2433f4dca2740398604b0e065928bdd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2524-4167 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:44:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Phytopathology Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-a2433f4dca2740398604b0e065928bdd2023-07-09T11:07:58ZengBMCPhytopathology Research2524-41672023-07-015111410.1186/s42483-023-00184-yInter-row cropping and rootstock genotype selection in a UK cider orchard to combat apple replant diseaseChris Cook0Naresh Magan1Xiangming Xu2NIABApplied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield UniversityNIABAbstract Apple rootstock genotypes confer different levels of tolerance to apple replant disease (ARD) and vigour to a newly replanted apple tree. A hybrid management system of rotating the rootstock genotype planted between successive generations and inter-row planting in the alleyways of orchards may minimise the severity of ARD symptoms. High-throughput sequencing of the fungal ITS and bacterial 16S rDNA regions was used to investigate the diversity, and differential taxa present in soils displaying symptoms of ARD. Candidate pathogens and beneficial microorganisms were correlated with the above-ground establishment of each rootstock genotype in a UK cider orchard. Our results suggest that the same rootstock or rootstock with closely related parentage to the previous rootstock had more severe ARD symptoms. Planting in the alleyway appeared an effective strategy to minimise the severity of symptoms irrespective of rootstock genotype. The planting location effect had a higher contribution to the variation in the rhizosphere microbiome than that of the rootstock genotype. No predicted causal agents for ARD could be identified to a taxonomic level to predict their function but two species associated with mycorrhizae, Pteridiospora spinosispora and Paraglomus laccatum were identified as inversely correlated with ARD severity and could be candidate beneficial species for apple, warranting further investigation and research. Our findings suggest that planting in the alleyways and planting rootstocks genetically dissimilar to the previously planted rootstock can be beneficial for tree establishment. We have also identified species inversely associated with ARD severity, making candidates for future research to test the antagonistic effect of the species against ARD pathogens in apple roots.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-023-00184-yApple replant diseaseRootstock soil rhizosphereMicrobiome |
| spellingShingle | Chris Cook Naresh Magan Xiangming Xu Inter-row cropping and rootstock genotype selection in a UK cider orchard to combat apple replant disease Phytopathology Research Apple replant disease Rootstock soil rhizosphere Microbiome |
| title | Inter-row cropping and rootstock genotype selection in a UK cider orchard to combat apple replant disease |
| title_full | Inter-row cropping and rootstock genotype selection in a UK cider orchard to combat apple replant disease |
| title_fullStr | Inter-row cropping and rootstock genotype selection in a UK cider orchard to combat apple replant disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inter-row cropping and rootstock genotype selection in a UK cider orchard to combat apple replant disease |
| title_short | Inter-row cropping and rootstock genotype selection in a UK cider orchard to combat apple replant disease |
| title_sort | inter row cropping and rootstock genotype selection in a uk cider orchard to combat apple replant disease |
| topic | Apple replant disease Rootstock soil rhizosphere Microbiome |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-023-00184-y |
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