Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis
Macrophages have a vital role in the immune system through elimination of cell debris and microorganisms by phagocytosis. The activation of macrophages by tumour necrosis factor-α induces expression of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and promotes release of this vimentin into the extracellular e...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.891281/full |
| _version_ | 1811217717189935104 |
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| author | Divyendu Goud Thalla Ashish Chand Rajwar Annalena Maria Laurent Johanna Elisabeth Becher Lucina Kainka Franziska Lautenschläger Franziska Lautenschläger |
| author_facet | Divyendu Goud Thalla Ashish Chand Rajwar Annalena Maria Laurent Johanna Elisabeth Becher Lucina Kainka Franziska Lautenschläger Franziska Lautenschläger |
| author_sort | Divyendu Goud Thalla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Macrophages have a vital role in the immune system through elimination of cell debris and microorganisms by phagocytosis. The activation of macrophages by tumour necrosis factor-α induces expression of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and promotes release of this vimentin into the extracellular environment. Vimentin is a cytoskeletal protein that is primarily located in the cytoplasm of cells. However, under circumstances like injury, stress, senescence and activation, vimentin can be expressed on the extracellular cell surface, or it can be released into the extracellular space. The characteristics of this extracellular vimentin, and its implications for the functional role of macrophages and the mechanism of secretion remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that vimentin is released mainly from the back of macrophage-like cells. This polarisation is strongly enhanced upon macrophage activation. One-dimensional patterned lines showed that extracellular cell-surface vimentin is localised primarily at the back of activated macrophage-like cells. Through two-dimensional migration and phagocytosis assays, we show that this extracellular vimentin enhances migration and phagocytosis of macrophage-like cells. We further show that this extracellular vimentin forms agglomerates on the cell surface, in contrast to its intracellular filamentous form, and that it is released into the extracellular space in the form of small fragments. Taken together, we provide new insights into the release of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and its implications for macrophage functionality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:59:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a24c8d26d9b4486496bde176bb6eeb3f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:59:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a24c8d26d9b4486496bde176bb6eeb3f2022-12-22T03:43:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2022-07-011010.3389/fcell.2022.891281891281Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosisDivyendu Goud Thalla0Ashish Chand Rajwar1Annalena Maria Laurent2Johanna Elisabeth Becher3Lucina Kainka4Franziska Lautenschläger5Franziska Lautenschläger6Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, GermanyExperimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, GermanyExperimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, GermanyCentre for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, GermanyExperimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, GermanyExperimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, GermanyCentre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, GermanyMacrophages have a vital role in the immune system through elimination of cell debris and microorganisms by phagocytosis. The activation of macrophages by tumour necrosis factor-α induces expression of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and promotes release of this vimentin into the extracellular environment. Vimentin is a cytoskeletal protein that is primarily located in the cytoplasm of cells. However, under circumstances like injury, stress, senescence and activation, vimentin can be expressed on the extracellular cell surface, or it can be released into the extracellular space. The characteristics of this extracellular vimentin, and its implications for the functional role of macrophages and the mechanism of secretion remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that vimentin is released mainly from the back of macrophage-like cells. This polarisation is strongly enhanced upon macrophage activation. One-dimensional patterned lines showed that extracellular cell-surface vimentin is localised primarily at the back of activated macrophage-like cells. Through two-dimensional migration and phagocytosis assays, we show that this extracellular vimentin enhances migration and phagocytosis of macrophage-like cells. We further show that this extracellular vimentin forms agglomerates on the cell surface, in contrast to its intracellular filamentous form, and that it is released into the extracellular space in the form of small fragments. Taken together, we provide new insights into the release of extracellular cell-surface vimentin and its implications for macrophage functionality.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.891281/fullextracellular vimentinmacrophagesactivationmigrationpolarisationphagocytosis |
| spellingShingle | Divyendu Goud Thalla Ashish Chand Rajwar Annalena Maria Laurent Johanna Elisabeth Becher Lucina Kainka Franziska Lautenschläger Franziska Lautenschläger Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology extracellular vimentin macrophages activation migration polarisation phagocytosis |
| title | Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis |
| title_full | Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis |
| title_short | Extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage-like cells: Potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis |
| title_sort | extracellular vimentin is expressed at the rear of activated macrophage like cells potential role in enhancement of migration and phagocytosis |
| topic | extracellular vimentin macrophages activation migration polarisation phagocytosis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.891281/full |
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