A battery-less implantable glucose sensor based on electrical impedance spectroscopy
Abstract The ability to perform accurate continuous glucose monitoring without blood sampling has revolutionised the management of diabetes. Newer methods that can allow measurements during longer periods are necessary to substantially improve patients’ quality of life. This paper presents an altern...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45154-8 |
| _version_ | 1797452799102943232 |
|---|---|
| author | Stig Ollmar Alejandro Fernandez Schrunder Ulrik Birgersson Tomas Kristoffersson Ana Rusu Elina Thorsson Patricia Hedenqvist Elin Manell Anneli Rydén Marianne Jensen-Waern Saul Rodriguez |
| author_facet | Stig Ollmar Alejandro Fernandez Schrunder Ulrik Birgersson Tomas Kristoffersson Ana Rusu Elina Thorsson Patricia Hedenqvist Elin Manell Anneli Rydén Marianne Jensen-Waern Saul Rodriguez |
| author_sort | Stig Ollmar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The ability to perform accurate continuous glucose monitoring without blood sampling has revolutionised the management of diabetes. Newer methods that can allow measurements during longer periods are necessary to substantially improve patients’ quality of life. This paper presents an alternative method for glucose monitoring which is based on electrical impedance spectroscopy. A battery-less implantable bioimpedance spectroscope was designed, built, and used in an in vivo study on pigs. After a recovery period of 14 days post surgery, a total of 236 subcutaneous bioimpedance measurements obtained from intravenous glucose tolerance tests, with glucose concentration ranges between 77.4 and 523.8 mg/dL, were analyzed. The results show that glucose concentrations estimated by subcutaneous bioimpedance measurements correlate very well to the blood glucose reference values. The pigs were clinically healthy throughout the study, and the postmortem examinations revealed no signs of adverse effects related to the sensor. The implantation of the sensor requires minor surgery. The implant, being externally powered, could in principle last indefinitely. These encouraging results demonstrate the potential of the bioimpedance method to be used in future continuous glucose monitoring systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:13:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a257c05e4e3b4419822e285ce134e697 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:13:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-a257c05e4e3b4419822e285ce134e6972023-11-26T13:14:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-10-011311810.1038/s41598-023-45154-8A battery-less implantable glucose sensor based on electrical impedance spectroscopyStig Ollmar0Alejandro Fernandez Schrunder1Ulrik Birgersson2Tomas Kristoffersson3Ana Rusu4Elina Thorsson5Patricia Hedenqvist6Elin Manell7Anneli Rydén8Marianne Jensen-Waern9Saul Rodriguez10Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska InstituteSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska InstitutePrevas ABSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyPathology Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAbstract The ability to perform accurate continuous glucose monitoring without blood sampling has revolutionised the management of diabetes. Newer methods that can allow measurements during longer periods are necessary to substantially improve patients’ quality of life. This paper presents an alternative method for glucose monitoring which is based on electrical impedance spectroscopy. A battery-less implantable bioimpedance spectroscope was designed, built, and used in an in vivo study on pigs. After a recovery period of 14 days post surgery, a total of 236 subcutaneous bioimpedance measurements obtained from intravenous glucose tolerance tests, with glucose concentration ranges between 77.4 and 523.8 mg/dL, were analyzed. The results show that glucose concentrations estimated by subcutaneous bioimpedance measurements correlate very well to the blood glucose reference values. The pigs were clinically healthy throughout the study, and the postmortem examinations revealed no signs of adverse effects related to the sensor. The implantation of the sensor requires minor surgery. The implant, being externally powered, could in principle last indefinitely. These encouraging results demonstrate the potential of the bioimpedance method to be used in future continuous glucose monitoring systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45154-8 |
| spellingShingle | Stig Ollmar Alejandro Fernandez Schrunder Ulrik Birgersson Tomas Kristoffersson Ana Rusu Elina Thorsson Patricia Hedenqvist Elin Manell Anneli Rydén Marianne Jensen-Waern Saul Rodriguez A battery-less implantable glucose sensor based on electrical impedance spectroscopy Scientific Reports |
| title | A battery-less implantable glucose sensor based on electrical impedance spectroscopy |
| title_full | A battery-less implantable glucose sensor based on electrical impedance spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | A battery-less implantable glucose sensor based on electrical impedance spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | A battery-less implantable glucose sensor based on electrical impedance spectroscopy |
| title_short | A battery-less implantable glucose sensor based on electrical impedance spectroscopy |
| title_sort | battery less implantable glucose sensor based on electrical impedance spectroscopy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45154-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stigollmar abatterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT alejandrofernandezschrunder abatterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT ulrikbirgersson abatterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT tomaskristoffersson abatterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT anarusu abatterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT elinathorsson abatterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT patriciahedenqvist abatterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT elinmanell abatterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT anneliryden abatterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT mariannejensenwaern abatterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT saulrodriguez abatterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT stigollmar batterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT alejandrofernandezschrunder batterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT ulrikbirgersson batterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT tomaskristoffersson batterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT anarusu batterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT elinathorsson batterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT patriciahedenqvist batterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT elinmanell batterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT anneliryden batterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT mariannejensenwaern batterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy AT saulrodriguez batterylessimplantableglucosesensorbasedonelectricalimpedancespectroscopy |