Could <i>Candida</i> Overgrowth Be Involved in the Pathophysiology of Autism?
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current acquiredknowledge of <i>Candida</i> overgrowth in the intestine as a possible etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The influence of <i>Candida</i> sp. on the immune system, brain, and behavior of children with ASD...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/2/442 |
| _version_ | 1797492976804429824 |
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| author | Anna Herman Andrzej Przemysław Herman |
| author_facet | Anna Herman Andrzej Przemysław Herman |
| author_sort | Anna Herman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this review is to summarize the current acquiredknowledge of <i>Candida</i> overgrowth in the intestine as a possible etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The influence of <i>Candida</i> sp. on the immune system, brain, and behavior of children with ASD isdescribed. The benefits of interventions such as a carbohydrates-exclusion diet, probiotic supplementation, antifungal agents, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) will be also discussed. Our literature query showed that the results of most studies do not fully support the hypothesis that <i>Candida</i> overgrowth is correlated with gastrointestinal (GI) problems and contributes to autism behavioral symptoms occurrence. On the one hand, it was reported that the modulation of microbiota composition in the gut may decrease <i>Candida</i> overgrowth, help reduce GI problems and autism symptoms. On the other hand, studies on humans suggesting the beneficial effects of a sugar-free diet, probiotic supplementation, FMT and MTT treatment in ASD are limited and inconclusive. Due to the increasing prevalence of ASD, studies on the etiology of this disorder are extremely needed and valuable. However, to elucidate the possible involvement of <i>Candida</i> in the pathophysiology of ASD, more reliable and well-designed research is certainly required. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:13:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a25a67e162df489ea49d0805e1f1caf7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:13:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-a25a67e162df489ea49d0805e1f1caf72023-11-23T14:14:05ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-01-0111244210.3390/jcm11020442Could <i>Candida</i> Overgrowth Be Involved in the Pathophysiology of Autism?Anna Herman0Andrzej Przemysław Herman1Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw School of Engineering and Health, Bitwy Warszawskiej 20 18, 19 Street, 02-366 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Genetic Engineering, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, 05-110 Jabłonna, PolandThe purpose of this review is to summarize the current acquiredknowledge of <i>Candida</i> overgrowth in the intestine as a possible etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The influence of <i>Candida</i> sp. on the immune system, brain, and behavior of children with ASD isdescribed. The benefits of interventions such as a carbohydrates-exclusion diet, probiotic supplementation, antifungal agents, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) will be also discussed. Our literature query showed that the results of most studies do not fully support the hypothesis that <i>Candida</i> overgrowth is correlated with gastrointestinal (GI) problems and contributes to autism behavioral symptoms occurrence. On the one hand, it was reported that the modulation of microbiota composition in the gut may decrease <i>Candida</i> overgrowth, help reduce GI problems and autism symptoms. On the other hand, studies on humans suggesting the beneficial effects of a sugar-free diet, probiotic supplementation, FMT and MTT treatment in ASD are limited and inconclusive. Due to the increasing prevalence of ASD, studies on the etiology of this disorder are extremely needed and valuable. However, to elucidate the possible involvement of <i>Candida</i> in the pathophysiology of ASD, more reliable and well-designed research is certainly required.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/2/442autism<i>Candida albicans</i>candidiasis and autismgastrointestinalprobioticsfecal microbiota transplantation |
| spellingShingle | Anna Herman Andrzej Przemysław Herman Could <i>Candida</i> Overgrowth Be Involved in the Pathophysiology of Autism? Journal of Clinical Medicine autism <i>Candida albicans</i> candidiasis and autism gastrointestinal probiotics fecal microbiota transplantation |
| title | Could <i>Candida</i> Overgrowth Be Involved in the Pathophysiology of Autism? |
| title_full | Could <i>Candida</i> Overgrowth Be Involved in the Pathophysiology of Autism? |
| title_fullStr | Could <i>Candida</i> Overgrowth Be Involved in the Pathophysiology of Autism? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Could <i>Candida</i> Overgrowth Be Involved in the Pathophysiology of Autism? |
| title_short | Could <i>Candida</i> Overgrowth Be Involved in the Pathophysiology of Autism? |
| title_sort | could i candida i overgrowth be involved in the pathophysiology of autism |
| topic | autism <i>Candida albicans</i> candidiasis and autism gastrointestinal probiotics fecal microbiota transplantation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/2/442 |
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