Insight into the formation of trumpet and needle-type leaf in Ginkgo biloba L. mutant
The leaf type of a plant determines its photosynthetic efficiency and adaptation to the environment. The normal leaves of modern Ginkgo biloba, which is known as a “living fossil” in gymnosperm, evolved from needle-like to fan-shaped with obvious dichotomous venation. However, a newly discovered Gin...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1081280/full |
| _version_ | 1811184981300477952 |
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| author | Fang Tang Fang Tang Pengbo Sun Qian Zhang Fengwei Zhong Ying Wang Mengzhu Lu Mengzhu Lu Mengzhu Lu |
| author_facet | Fang Tang Fang Tang Pengbo Sun Qian Zhang Fengwei Zhong Ying Wang Mengzhu Lu Mengzhu Lu Mengzhu Lu |
| author_sort | Fang Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The leaf type of a plant determines its photosynthetic efficiency and adaptation to the environment. The normal leaves of modern Ginkgo biloba, which is known as a “living fossil” in gymnosperm, evolved from needle-like to fan-shaped with obvious dichotomous venation. However, a newly discovered Ginkgo variety “SongZhen” have different leaf types on a tree, including needle-, trumpet-, strip-, and deeply split fan-shaped leaves. In order to explore the mechanism in forming these leaf types, the microscopy of different leaf types and transcriptome analysis of apical buds of branches with normal or abnormal leaves were performed. We found that the normal leaf was in an intact and unfolded fan shape, and the abnormal leaf was basically split into two parts from the petiole, and each exhibited different extent of variation. The needle-type leaves were the extreme, having no obvious palisade and spongy tissues, and the phloem cells were scattered and surrounded by xylem cells, while the trumpet-type leaves with normal vascular bundles curled inward to form a loop from the abaxial to adaxial side. The other type of leaves had the characteristics among needle-type, trumpet-type, or normal leaves. The transcriptome analysis and quantitative PCR showed that the genes related to abaxial domain were highly expressed, while the adaxial domain promoting genes were decreasingly expressed in abnormal-type leaf (ANL) buds and abnormal leaves, which might lead to the obvious abaxialized leaves of “SongZhen.” In addition, the low expression of genes related to leaf boundary development in ANL buds indicated that single- or double-needle (trumpet) leaves might also be due to the leaf tissue fusion. This study provides an insight into the mechanism of the development of the abnormal leaves in “SongZhen” and lays a foundation for investigating the molecular mechanism of the leaf development in gymnosperms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:21:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a26477d721284c5aa7bdf9a53e940fdd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:21:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-a26477d721284c5aa7bdf9a53e940fdd2022-12-22T04:22:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-12-011310.3389/fpls.2022.10812801081280Insight into the formation of trumpet and needle-type leaf in Ginkgo biloba L. mutantFang Tang0Fang Tang1Pengbo Sun2Qian Zhang3Fengwei Zhong4Ying Wang5Mengzhu Lu6Mengzhu Lu7Mengzhu Lu8State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, ChinaTaishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, ChinaTaishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, ChinaTaishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, ChinaThe leaf type of a plant determines its photosynthetic efficiency and adaptation to the environment. The normal leaves of modern Ginkgo biloba, which is known as a “living fossil” in gymnosperm, evolved from needle-like to fan-shaped with obvious dichotomous venation. However, a newly discovered Ginkgo variety “SongZhen” have different leaf types on a tree, including needle-, trumpet-, strip-, and deeply split fan-shaped leaves. In order to explore the mechanism in forming these leaf types, the microscopy of different leaf types and transcriptome analysis of apical buds of branches with normal or abnormal leaves were performed. We found that the normal leaf was in an intact and unfolded fan shape, and the abnormal leaf was basically split into two parts from the petiole, and each exhibited different extent of variation. The needle-type leaves were the extreme, having no obvious palisade and spongy tissues, and the phloem cells were scattered and surrounded by xylem cells, while the trumpet-type leaves with normal vascular bundles curled inward to form a loop from the abaxial to adaxial side. The other type of leaves had the characteristics among needle-type, trumpet-type, or normal leaves. The transcriptome analysis and quantitative PCR showed that the genes related to abaxial domain were highly expressed, while the adaxial domain promoting genes were decreasingly expressed in abnormal-type leaf (ANL) buds and abnormal leaves, which might lead to the obvious abaxialized leaves of “SongZhen.” In addition, the low expression of genes related to leaf boundary development in ANL buds indicated that single- or double-needle (trumpet) leaves might also be due to the leaf tissue fusion. This study provides an insight into the mechanism of the development of the abnormal leaves in “SongZhen” and lays a foundation for investigating the molecular mechanism of the leaf development in gymnosperms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1081280/fullGinkgo biloba L.leaf shape regulationanatomical structuretranscriptome analysisadaxial-abaxial polarityleaf boundary |
| spellingShingle | Fang Tang Fang Tang Pengbo Sun Qian Zhang Fengwei Zhong Ying Wang Mengzhu Lu Mengzhu Lu Mengzhu Lu Insight into the formation of trumpet and needle-type leaf in Ginkgo biloba L. mutant Frontiers in Plant Science Ginkgo biloba L. leaf shape regulation anatomical structure transcriptome analysis adaxial-abaxial polarity leaf boundary |
| title | Insight into the formation of trumpet and needle-type leaf in Ginkgo biloba L. mutant |
| title_full | Insight into the formation of trumpet and needle-type leaf in Ginkgo biloba L. mutant |
| title_fullStr | Insight into the formation of trumpet and needle-type leaf in Ginkgo biloba L. mutant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insight into the formation of trumpet and needle-type leaf in Ginkgo biloba L. mutant |
| title_short | Insight into the formation of trumpet and needle-type leaf in Ginkgo biloba L. mutant |
| title_sort | insight into the formation of trumpet and needle type leaf in ginkgo biloba l mutant |
| topic | Ginkgo biloba L. leaf shape regulation anatomical structure transcriptome analysis adaxial-abaxial polarity leaf boundary |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1081280/full |
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