Tomography of the Ie-Re and L-Sigma Planes
We have analyzed the distribution of early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the effective surface intensity vs. effective radius (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>−</mo&g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Universe |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/1/8 |
| _version_ | 1827662360247009280 |
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| author | Mauro D’Onofrio Cesare Chiosi |
| author_facet | Mauro D’Onofrio Cesare Chiosi |
| author_sort | Mauro D’Onofrio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We have analyzed the distribution of early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the effective surface intensity vs. effective radius (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) plane and in the total luminosity vs. central stellar velocity dispersion (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>σ</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) diagram, with the aim of studying the physical variables that allow the transformation of one space-parameter into the other. We find that the classical Faber–Jackson relation <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msup><mi>σ</mi><mi>α</mi></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, in which the parameters <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> are confined in a small range of possible values, is incompatible with the distribution observed in the <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> plane. The two distributions become mutually consistent only if luminosity is not considered a pure proxy of mass but a variable tightly dependent on the past history of mass assembling and star formation and on the present evolutionary state of the stellar content of a galaxy. The solution comes by considering the <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup><msup><mi>σ</mi><mi>β</mi></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> law proposed by D’Onofrio et al. in 2020, in which both <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msubsup><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>β</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> can vary considerably from galaxy to galaxy. We will also show that the data of the Illustris numerical simulation prove the physical foundation of the <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup><msup><mi>σ</mi><mi>β</mi></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> law and confirm the prediction of the Zone of Exclusion (ZoE) originating from the intersection of the virial law with the <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup><msup><mi>σ</mi><mi>β</mi></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> relation. The ZoE is the region in the <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> diagrams avoided by real galaxies, and the border of which marks the condition of ‘full’ virial equilibrium with no recent significant merger events and no undergoing star formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:24:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a26e302a5bea4e639301c39e6a50e3f0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1997 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:24:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Universe |
| spelling | doaj.art-a26e302a5bea4e639301c39e6a50e3f02023-11-23T15:36:51ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972021-12-0181810.3390/universe8010008Tomography of the Ie-Re and L-Sigma PlanesMauro D’Onofrio0Cesare Chiosi1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, I35122 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, I35122 Padova, ItalyWe have analyzed the distribution of early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the effective surface intensity vs. effective radius (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) plane and in the total luminosity vs. central stellar velocity dispersion (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>σ</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) diagram, with the aim of studying the physical variables that allow the transformation of one space-parameter into the other. We find that the classical Faber–Jackson relation <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msup><mi>σ</mi><mi>α</mi></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, in which the parameters <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> are confined in a small range of possible values, is incompatible with the distribution observed in the <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> plane. The two distributions become mutually consistent only if luminosity is not considered a pure proxy of mass but a variable tightly dependent on the past history of mass assembling and star formation and on the present evolutionary state of the stellar content of a galaxy. The solution comes by considering the <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup><msup><mi>σ</mi><mi>β</mi></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> law proposed by D’Onofrio et al. in 2020, in which both <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msubsup><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>β</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> can vary considerably from galaxy to galaxy. We will also show that the data of the Illustris numerical simulation prove the physical foundation of the <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup><msup><mi>σ</mi><mi>β</mi></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> law and confirm the prediction of the Zone of Exclusion (ZoE) originating from the intersection of the virial law with the <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mi>L</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup><msup><mi>σ</mi><mi>β</mi></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> relation. The ZoE is the region in the <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> diagrams avoided by real galaxies, and the border of which marks the condition of ‘full’ virial equilibrium with no recent significant merger events and no undergoing star formation.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/1/8galaxiesgeneral–galaxieselliptical and lenticularcD–galaxiesevolution–galaxiesfundamental parameters–galaxies |
| spellingShingle | Mauro D’Onofrio Cesare Chiosi Tomography of the Ie-Re and L-Sigma Planes Universe galaxies general–galaxies elliptical and lenticular cD–galaxies evolution–galaxies fundamental parameters–galaxies |
| title | Tomography of the Ie-Re and L-Sigma Planes |
| title_full | Tomography of the Ie-Re and L-Sigma Planes |
| title_fullStr | Tomography of the Ie-Re and L-Sigma Planes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tomography of the Ie-Re and L-Sigma Planes |
| title_short | Tomography of the Ie-Re and L-Sigma Planes |
| title_sort | tomography of the ie re and l sigma planes |
| topic | galaxies general–galaxies elliptical and lenticular cD–galaxies evolution–galaxies fundamental parameters–galaxies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/1/8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maurodonofrio tomographyoftheiereandlsigmaplanes AT cesarechiosi tomographyoftheiereandlsigmaplanes |