Assessing Energy-Based CO<sub>2</sub> Emission and Workers’ Health Risks at the Shipbreaking Industries in Bangladesh
The study represents the estimation of energy-based CO<sub>2</sub> emission and the health risks of workers involved in the shipbreaking industries in Sitakunda, Bangladesh. To calculate the carbon emission (CE) from three shipbreaking activities, i.e., metal gas cutting (GC), diesel fue...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Environments |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/5/35 |
| _version_ | 1797569212488613888 |
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| author | Nandita Mitra Shihab Ahmad Shahriar Nurunnaher Lovely Md Shohel Khan Aweng Eh Rak S. P. Kar Md Abdul Khaleque Mohamad Faiz Mohd Amin Imrul Kayes Mohammed Abdus Salam |
| author_facet | Nandita Mitra Shihab Ahmad Shahriar Nurunnaher Lovely Md Shohel Khan Aweng Eh Rak S. P. Kar Md Abdul Khaleque Mohamad Faiz Mohd Amin Imrul Kayes Mohammed Abdus Salam |
| author_sort | Nandita Mitra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study represents the estimation of energy-based CO<sub>2</sub> emission and the health risks of workers involved in the shipbreaking industries in Sitakunda, Bangladesh. To calculate the carbon emission (CE) from three shipbreaking activities, i.e., metal gas cutting (GC), diesel fuel (FU) and electricity consumption (EC), we used the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s Emission and Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) emission factors. Moreover, the geographic weighted regression (GWR) model was applied to assess the contribution of influencing factors of CE throughout the sampling points. To assess the workers’ health condition and their perceptions on environmental degradation, a semi-structured questionnaire survey among 118 respondents were performed. The results showed that total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from GC were 0.12 megatons (MT), 11.43 MT, and 41.39 MT for daily, monthly, and yearly respectively, and the values were significantly higher than the surrounding control area. Emissions from the FU were estimated as daily: 0.85 MT, monthly: 1.92 MT, and yearly: 17.91 MT, which were significantly higher than EC. The study also revealed that workers were very susceptible to accidental hazards especially death (91%), and pollution (79%). Environmental consequences and health risks of the workers in shipbreaking industry warrant more attention nationally and internationally at the industry-level. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:08:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a271980c46d04f49b7f27d8a6dbcef85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3298 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:08:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environments |
| spelling | doaj.art-a271980c46d04f49b7f27d8a6dbcef852023-11-19T23:07:18ZengMDPI AGEnvironments2076-32982020-04-01753510.3390/environments7050035Assessing Energy-Based CO<sub>2</sub> Emission and Workers’ Health Risks at the Shipbreaking Industries in BangladeshNandita Mitra0Shihab Ahmad Shahriar1Nurunnaher Lovely2Md Shohel Khan3Aweng Eh Rak4S. P. Kar5Md Abdul Khaleque6Mohamad Faiz Mohd Amin7Imrul Kayes8Mohammed Abdus Salam9Department of Environment Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, BangladeshDepartment of Environment Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, BangladeshDepartment of Chemistry, South Banasree Model High School and College, Dhaka 1219, BangladeshDepartment of Environment Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, BangladeshFaculty of Earth Science, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, MalaysiaCollege of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USADepartment of Environmental Science, School of Environmental Science and Management, Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka 1219, BangladeshFaculty of Earth Science, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, MalaysiaDepartment of Environment Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, BangladeshDepartment of Environment Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, BangladeshThe study represents the estimation of energy-based CO<sub>2</sub> emission and the health risks of workers involved in the shipbreaking industries in Sitakunda, Bangladesh. To calculate the carbon emission (CE) from three shipbreaking activities, i.e., metal gas cutting (GC), diesel fuel (FU) and electricity consumption (EC), we used the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s Emission and Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) emission factors. Moreover, the geographic weighted regression (GWR) model was applied to assess the contribution of influencing factors of CE throughout the sampling points. To assess the workers’ health condition and their perceptions on environmental degradation, a semi-structured questionnaire survey among 118 respondents were performed. The results showed that total CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from GC were 0.12 megatons (MT), 11.43 MT, and 41.39 MT for daily, monthly, and yearly respectively, and the values were significantly higher than the surrounding control area. Emissions from the FU were estimated as daily: 0.85 MT, monthly: 1.92 MT, and yearly: 17.91 MT, which were significantly higher than EC. The study also revealed that workers were very susceptible to accidental hazards especially death (91%), and pollution (79%). Environmental consequences and health risks of the workers in shipbreaking industry warrant more attention nationally and internationally at the industry-level.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/5/35shipbreakingCO<sub>2</sub> emissionGWRworkers’ conditionenvironmental pollution |
| spellingShingle | Nandita Mitra Shihab Ahmad Shahriar Nurunnaher Lovely Md Shohel Khan Aweng Eh Rak S. P. Kar Md Abdul Khaleque Mohamad Faiz Mohd Amin Imrul Kayes Mohammed Abdus Salam Assessing Energy-Based CO<sub>2</sub> Emission and Workers’ Health Risks at the Shipbreaking Industries in Bangladesh Environments shipbreaking CO<sub>2</sub> emission GWR workers’ condition environmental pollution |
| title | Assessing Energy-Based CO<sub>2</sub> Emission and Workers’ Health Risks at the Shipbreaking Industries in Bangladesh |
| title_full | Assessing Energy-Based CO<sub>2</sub> Emission and Workers’ Health Risks at the Shipbreaking Industries in Bangladesh |
| title_fullStr | Assessing Energy-Based CO<sub>2</sub> Emission and Workers’ Health Risks at the Shipbreaking Industries in Bangladesh |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing Energy-Based CO<sub>2</sub> Emission and Workers’ Health Risks at the Shipbreaking Industries in Bangladesh |
| title_short | Assessing Energy-Based CO<sub>2</sub> Emission and Workers’ Health Risks at the Shipbreaking Industries in Bangladesh |
| title_sort | assessing energy based co sub 2 sub emission and workers health risks at the shipbreaking industries in bangladesh |
| topic | shipbreaking CO<sub>2</sub> emission GWR workers’ condition environmental pollution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/5/35 |
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