High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping System Using a Low-Cost Camera Network for Plant Factory
Plant phenotyping has been widely studied as an effective and powerful tool for analyzing crop status and growth. However, the traditional phenotyping (i.e., manual) is time-consuming and laborious, and the various types of growing structures and limited room for systems hinder phenotyping on a larg...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/10/1874 |
| _version_ | 1797575099298086912 |
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| author | Woo-Jae Cho Myongkyoon Yang |
| author_facet | Woo-Jae Cho Myongkyoon Yang |
| author_sort | Woo-Jae Cho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plant phenotyping has been widely studied as an effective and powerful tool for analyzing crop status and growth. However, the traditional phenotyping (i.e., manual) is time-consuming and laborious, and the various types of growing structures and limited room for systems hinder phenotyping on a large and high-throughput scale. In this study, a low-cost high-throughput phenotyping system that can be flexibly applied to diverse structures of growing beds with reliable spatial–temporal continuities was developed. The phenotyping system was composed of a low-cost phenotype sensor network with an integrated Raspberry Pi board and camera module. With the distributed camera sensors, the system can provide crop imagery information over the entire growing bed in real time. Furthermore, the modularized image-processing architecture supports the investigation of several phenotypic indices. The feasibility of the system was evaluated for Batavia lettuce grown under different light periods in a container-type plant factory. For the growing lettuces under different light periods, crop characteristics such as fresh weight, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number were manually measured and compared with the phenotypic indices from the system. From the results, the system showed varying phenotypic features of lettuce for the entire growing period. In addition, the varied growth curves according to the different positions and light conditions confirmed that the developed system has potential to achieve many plant phenotypic scenarios at low cost and with spatial versatility. As such, it serves as a valuable development tool for researchers and cultivators interested in phenotyping. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:31:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a275d1da76c94268bdd2978d5f4fd7e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:31:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-a275d1da76c94268bdd2978d5f4fd7e82023-11-19T15:18:00ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722023-09-011310187410.3390/agriculture13101874High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping System Using a Low-Cost Camera Network for Plant FactoryWoo-Jae Cho0Myongkyoon Yang1Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of KoreaPlant phenotyping has been widely studied as an effective and powerful tool for analyzing crop status and growth. However, the traditional phenotyping (i.e., manual) is time-consuming and laborious, and the various types of growing structures and limited room for systems hinder phenotyping on a large and high-throughput scale. In this study, a low-cost high-throughput phenotyping system that can be flexibly applied to diverse structures of growing beds with reliable spatial–temporal continuities was developed. The phenotyping system was composed of a low-cost phenotype sensor network with an integrated Raspberry Pi board and camera module. With the distributed camera sensors, the system can provide crop imagery information over the entire growing bed in real time. Furthermore, the modularized image-processing architecture supports the investigation of several phenotypic indices. The feasibility of the system was evaluated for Batavia lettuce grown under different light periods in a container-type plant factory. For the growing lettuces under different light periods, crop characteristics such as fresh weight, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number were manually measured and compared with the phenotypic indices from the system. From the results, the system showed varying phenotypic features of lettuce for the entire growing period. In addition, the varied growth curves according to the different positions and light conditions confirmed that the developed system has potential to achieve many plant phenotypic scenarios at low cost and with spatial versatility. As such, it serves as a valuable development tool for researchers and cultivators interested in phenotyping.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/10/1874plant phenotypingphenotypic indexlow-cost systemcamera networkonline monitoringplant factory |
| spellingShingle | Woo-Jae Cho Myongkyoon Yang High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping System Using a Low-Cost Camera Network for Plant Factory Agriculture plant phenotyping phenotypic index low-cost system camera network online monitoring plant factory |
| title | High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping System Using a Low-Cost Camera Network for Plant Factory |
| title_full | High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping System Using a Low-Cost Camera Network for Plant Factory |
| title_fullStr | High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping System Using a Low-Cost Camera Network for Plant Factory |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping System Using a Low-Cost Camera Network for Plant Factory |
| title_short | High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping System Using a Low-Cost Camera Network for Plant Factory |
| title_sort | high throughput plant phenotyping system using a low cost camera network for plant factory |
| topic | plant phenotyping phenotypic index low-cost system camera network online monitoring plant factory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/10/1874 |
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