| Summary: | Background & Aims: Animal models provide crucial tools to study epilepsy which is one of the most common neurological disorder. Experimental models are valid and essential to discover new antiepileptic drugs as well as to elucidate circuitry dysfunction of disease. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the prominent used methods for induction experimental seizures and epilepsy induced by electrical, chemoconvulsants, traumatic brain injury, acoustic stimulation as well as hyperthermia and hypoxia condition.
Material and Methods: In this review data were collected through searching electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar for several methods of induction seizure and epilepsy in experimental animals.
Results: The maximal electroshock (MES), pentylentetrazole (PTZ), and 6-Hz seizure models are three simple seizure models for inducing acute seizure in intact animal. The pilocarpine, kainic acid, antibiotics, metals and organophosphorus compounds have epileptogenic potency for inducing motor seizures.
The most common type of chronic models of epilepsy are electrical kindling, PTZ-induced kindling and transgenic models. Pharmacoresistance models include the phenytoin- or lamotrigine-pretreated kindled rats model, the 6-Hz mouse model, pentylentetrazole induced seizures in rats pre-exposed to pilocarpine and intrauterine exposure of rats to methylazoxymethanol. Lastly, Posttraumatic epilepsy, audiogenic seizures, hyperthermia and neonatal hypoxia model as well as in vitro models are used to induce and study seizures.
Conclusion: Epilepsy and seizure in experimental animals can be modeled by several factors include acute and chronic stimulation, mechanical insults and changing environmental conditions in both forms in vivo and vitro.
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