Anaemia in Adult Nigerians in Ebonyi State, South Eastern Nigeria is not Related to Plasma Mineral Element Levels
Introduction: Anaemia remains one of the major public health challenges with global impacts, especially in developing countries. Causes of anaemia are multiple and variable among which are social, dietary, physiological and environmental factors with evidences suggestive of contributory roles of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd.
2016-10-01
|
| Series: | National Journal of Laboratory Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.njlm.net/articles/PDF/2171/18072_F(GH)_PF1(VsuGH)_PFA(GH)_PF2(VsuGH).pdf |
| _version_ | 1819140110696841216 |
|---|---|
| author | Emmanuel Ike Ugwuja Henry C Uro-Chukwu Johnson Akuma Obuna Agwu UM Emeka Ogiji Ezenkwa U Simon |
| author_facet | Emmanuel Ike Ugwuja Henry C Uro-Chukwu Johnson Akuma Obuna Agwu UM Emeka Ogiji Ezenkwa U Simon |
| author_sort | Emmanuel Ike Ugwuja |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Anaemia remains one of the major public health
challenges with global impacts, especially in developing
countries. Causes of anaemia are multiple and variable among
which are social, dietary, physiological and environmental
factors with evidences suggestive of contributory roles of metal
interactions.
Aim: To determine the relationship of anaemia with plasma
levels of lead, iron and zinc in adult Nigerians.
Materials and Methods: Total 428 subjects (111 males, 184
non-pregnant female and 133 pregnant female), aged ≥18
years (mean=38.4±13.7 years) were enrolled in the study.
Sociodemographic data were collected using structured
questionnaire while blood samples were collected for the
determination of haemoglobin and mineral elements using
standard methods and techniques. Anaemia was defined
as haemoglobin <12.0g/dl (non-pregnant women), <11.0g/
dl (pregnant women) and <13.0g/dl (men), respectively.
Ninety three anaemic subjects were compared with 335
non-anaemic subjects.
Results: Although the plasma levels of all the elements were
lower in anaemic in comparison to non-anaemic subjects, only
lead was significant (0.004±0.002 vs 0.005±0.012 µg/dl; p =
0.027). While none of the elements showed any relationship
with haemoglobin, plasma iron was positively correlated with
zinc (r = 0.837; p = 0.001).
Conclusion: The absence or weak significant relationship
between anaemia and any of the elements suggests that
relative concentrations of the elements may be important
determinant of anaemia in this population. While further studies
are desired to substantiate these findings, food diversification
and reduction in toxic metals exposure are recommended to
improve the nutritional status of residents and reduce anaemia
prevalence with its attendant health consequences. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:33:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a28ac1b9c87f4ba782d45ad1c9b871dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2277-8551 2455-6882 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:33:21Z |
| publishDate | 2016-10-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | National Journal of Laboratory Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-a28ac1b9c87f4ba782d45ad1c9b871dc2022-12-21T18:27:31ZengJCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd.National Journal of Laboratory Medicine2277-85512455-68822016-10-0154BO05BO0910.7860/NJLM/2016/18072:2171Anaemia in Adult Nigerians in Ebonyi State, South Eastern Nigeria is not Related to Plasma Mineral Element LevelsEmmanuel Ike Ugwuja0Henry C Uro-Chukwu1Johnson Akuma Obuna2Agwu UM3Emeka Ogiji4Ezenkwa U Simon5Senior Lecturer in Clinical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.Director, Department of Social Mobilisation and Disease Control, National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki, NigeriaConsultant Obstetrician and Senior Lecturer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053 Abakaliki, Nigeria.Consultant Obstetrician, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053 Abakaliki, Nigeria.Lecturer II, Department of Community Medicine, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053 Abakaliki, Nigeria. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053 Abakaliki, Nigeria.Lecturer II, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053 Abakaliki, Nigeria.Introduction: Anaemia remains one of the major public health challenges with global impacts, especially in developing countries. Causes of anaemia are multiple and variable among which are social, dietary, physiological and environmental factors with evidences suggestive of contributory roles of metal interactions. Aim: To determine the relationship of anaemia with plasma levels of lead, iron and zinc in adult Nigerians. Materials and Methods: Total 428 subjects (111 males, 184 non-pregnant female and 133 pregnant female), aged ≥18 years (mean=38.4±13.7 years) were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic data were collected using structured questionnaire while blood samples were collected for the determination of haemoglobin and mineral elements using standard methods and techniques. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin <12.0g/dl (non-pregnant women), <11.0g/ dl (pregnant women) and <13.0g/dl (men), respectively. Ninety three anaemic subjects were compared with 335 non-anaemic subjects. Results: Although the plasma levels of all the elements were lower in anaemic in comparison to non-anaemic subjects, only lead was significant (0.004±0.002 vs 0.005±0.012 µg/dl; p = 0.027). While none of the elements showed any relationship with haemoglobin, plasma iron was positively correlated with zinc (r = 0.837; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The absence or weak significant relationship between anaemia and any of the elements suggests that relative concentrations of the elements may be important determinant of anaemia in this population. While further studies are desired to substantiate these findings, food diversification and reduction in toxic metals exposure are recommended to improve the nutritional status of residents and reduce anaemia prevalence with its attendant health consequences.http://www.njlm.net/articles/PDF/2171/18072_F(GH)_PF1(VsuGH)_PFA(GH)_PF2(VsuGH).pdffood diversificationheavy metalmicronutrient interaction |
| spellingShingle | Emmanuel Ike Ugwuja Henry C Uro-Chukwu Johnson Akuma Obuna Agwu UM Emeka Ogiji Ezenkwa U Simon Anaemia in Adult Nigerians in Ebonyi State, South Eastern Nigeria is not Related to Plasma Mineral Element Levels National Journal of Laboratory Medicine food diversification heavy metal micronutrient interaction |
| title | Anaemia in Adult Nigerians in Ebonyi State, South Eastern Nigeria is not Related to Plasma Mineral Element Levels |
| title_full | Anaemia in Adult Nigerians in Ebonyi State, South Eastern Nigeria is not Related to Plasma Mineral Element Levels |
| title_fullStr | Anaemia in Adult Nigerians in Ebonyi State, South Eastern Nigeria is not Related to Plasma Mineral Element Levels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anaemia in Adult Nigerians in Ebonyi State, South Eastern Nigeria is not Related to Plasma Mineral Element Levels |
| title_short | Anaemia in Adult Nigerians in Ebonyi State, South Eastern Nigeria is not Related to Plasma Mineral Element Levels |
| title_sort | anaemia in adult nigerians in ebonyi state south eastern nigeria is not related to plasma mineral element levels |
| topic | food diversification heavy metal micronutrient interaction |
| url | http://www.njlm.net/articles/PDF/2171/18072_F(GH)_PF1(VsuGH)_PFA(GH)_PF2(VsuGH).pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT emmanuelikeugwuja anaemiainadultnigeriansinebonyistatesoutheasternnigeriaisnotrelatedtoplasmamineralelementlevels AT henrycurochukwu anaemiainadultnigeriansinebonyistatesoutheasternnigeriaisnotrelatedtoplasmamineralelementlevels AT johnsonakumaobuna anaemiainadultnigeriansinebonyistatesoutheasternnigeriaisnotrelatedtoplasmamineralelementlevels AT agwuum anaemiainadultnigeriansinebonyistatesoutheasternnigeriaisnotrelatedtoplasmamineralelementlevels AT emekaogiji anaemiainadultnigeriansinebonyistatesoutheasternnigeriaisnotrelatedtoplasmamineralelementlevels AT ezenkwausimon anaemiainadultnigeriansinebonyistatesoutheasternnigeriaisnotrelatedtoplasmamineralelementlevels |