Generation and Physiology of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Sulfur Species in Bacteria
Sulfur is not only one of the most abundant elements on the Earth, but it is also essential to all living organisms. As life likely began and evolved in a hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S)-rich environment, sulfur metabolism represents an early form of energy generation via various react...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2487 |
| _version_ | 1797461710232092672 |
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| author | Sirui Han Yingxi Li Haichun Gao |
| author_facet | Sirui Han Yingxi Li Haichun Gao |
| author_sort | Sirui Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sulfur is not only one of the most abundant elements on the Earth, but it is also essential to all living organisms. As life likely began and evolved in a hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S)-rich environment, sulfur metabolism represents an early form of energy generation via various reactions in prokaryotes and has driven the sulfur biogeochemical cycle since. It has long been known that H<sub>2</sub>S is toxic to cells at high concentrations, but now this gaseous molecule, at the physiological level, is recognized as a signaling molecule and a regulator of critical biological processes. Recently, many metabolites of H<sub>2</sub>S, collectively called reactive sulfur species (RSS), have been gradually appreciated as having similar or divergent regulatory roles compared with H<sub>2</sub>S in living organisms, especially mammals. In prokaryotes, even in bacteria, investigations into generation and physiology of RSS remain preliminary and an understanding of the relevant biological processes is still in its infancy. Despite this, recent and exciting advances in the fields are many. Here, we discuss abiotic and biotic generation of H<sub>2</sub>S/RSS, sulfur-transforming enzymes and their functioning mechanisms, and their physiological roles as well as the sensing and regulation of H<sub>2</sub>S/RSS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:23:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a28c8857390c46ffba2c267b27b558af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:23:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-a28c8857390c46ffba2c267b27b558af2023-11-24T12:58:57ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-12-011112248710.3390/antiox11122487Generation and Physiology of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Sulfur Species in BacteriaSirui Han0Yingxi Li1Haichun Gao2Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaInstitute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaInstitute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaSulfur is not only one of the most abundant elements on the Earth, but it is also essential to all living organisms. As life likely began and evolved in a hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S)-rich environment, sulfur metabolism represents an early form of energy generation via various reactions in prokaryotes and has driven the sulfur biogeochemical cycle since. It has long been known that H<sub>2</sub>S is toxic to cells at high concentrations, but now this gaseous molecule, at the physiological level, is recognized as a signaling molecule and a regulator of critical biological processes. Recently, many metabolites of H<sub>2</sub>S, collectively called reactive sulfur species (RSS), have been gradually appreciated as having similar or divergent regulatory roles compared with H<sub>2</sub>S in living organisms, especially mammals. In prokaryotes, even in bacteria, investigations into generation and physiology of RSS remain preliminary and an understanding of the relevant biological processes is still in its infancy. Despite this, recent and exciting advances in the fields are many. Here, we discuss abiotic and biotic generation of H<sub>2</sub>S/RSS, sulfur-transforming enzymes and their functioning mechanisms, and their physiological roles as well as the sensing and regulation of H<sub>2</sub>S/RSS.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2487reactive sulfur specieshydrogen sulfidesulfur transformationsensing and regulation |
| spellingShingle | Sirui Han Yingxi Li Haichun Gao Generation and Physiology of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Sulfur Species in Bacteria Antioxidants reactive sulfur species hydrogen sulfide sulfur transformation sensing and regulation |
| title | Generation and Physiology of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Sulfur Species in Bacteria |
| title_full | Generation and Physiology of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Sulfur Species in Bacteria |
| title_fullStr | Generation and Physiology of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Sulfur Species in Bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Generation and Physiology of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Sulfur Species in Bacteria |
| title_short | Generation and Physiology of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Sulfur Species in Bacteria |
| title_sort | generation and physiology of hydrogen sulfide and reactive sulfur species in bacteria |
| topic | reactive sulfur species hydrogen sulfide sulfur transformation sensing and regulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2487 |
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