Construction and Selection of an Entomopathogenic Fungal Library From Soil Samples for Controlling Spodoptera litura
Chemical pesticides have been used for pest control for many decades, but they cause serious problems, including insecticide resistance, secondary pest resurgence, and negative environmental impacts. Therefore, sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides are necessary for pest control. Entomopat...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2021.596316/full |
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| author | Ju-Chun Chang Shin-Shan Wu Yao-Chia Liu Yu-Hong Yang Yi-Fang Tsai Yi-Hsuan Li Ching-Tzu Tseng Li-Cheng Tang Yu-Shin Nai |
| author_facet | Ju-Chun Chang Shin-Shan Wu Yao-Chia Liu Yu-Hong Yang Yi-Fang Tsai Yi-Hsuan Li Ching-Tzu Tseng Li-Cheng Tang Yu-Shin Nai |
| author_sort | Ju-Chun Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chemical pesticides have been used for pest control for many decades, but they cause serious problems, including insecticide resistance, secondary pest resurgence, and negative environmental impacts. Therefore, sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides are necessary for pest control. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are natural epizootic pathogens of insects, and some of them have been used as microbial biocontrol agents. Herein, we attempted to construct an entomopathogenic fungal library (EFLib) via the “Tenebrio molitor pathogenicity-based fungal collection method (TmPC)” to select EPF for control of the serious agricultural pest Spodoptera litura. A total of 172 soil samples were collected in northern and central Taiwan for the EFLib construction. The isolation efficiency of TmPC was 64.02%. The EFLib consisted of 101 isolates and was designated as the National Chung Hsing University (NCHU) EFLib. Among these isolates, 26 showed high virulence (mortality = 100%) to T. molitor larvae. Based on the results of molecular identification, the highly virulent isolates belonged to seven genera, including Beauveria, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Cordyceps, Penicillium, Purpureocillium, and Metarhizium. To evaluate the potential of these isolates for Spodoptera litura control, 12 isolates were selected for pathogenicity screening against S. litura larvae. A total of six EPF isolates belonging to the genera Beauveria and Metarhizium showed rapid eradication of the S. litura larvae. To rank the potential of these fungal strains for pest management, the six isolates were subjected to thermotolerance and conidial production assays, and a novel effective conidia number (ECN) formula was applied. The results indicated that the ECN index of Beauveria australis (NCHU-113) was much higher than that of Metarhizium isolates. However, among the Metarhizium isolates, NCHU-95 showed the highest ECN index. Altogether, NCHU-69 and NCHU-113 should be further tested in field trials. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to integrate pathogenicity or virulence and ECN data into EPF screening and ranking, providing a baseline for mass selection of potential EPF strains for further applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T23:03:27Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T23:03:27Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a2990757716d463a9f5fe52a7ae916162022-12-21T22:44:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems2571-581X2021-02-01510.3389/fsufs.2021.596316596316Construction and Selection of an Entomopathogenic Fungal Library From Soil Samples for Controlling Spodoptera lituraJu-Chun Chang0Shin-Shan Wu1Yao-Chia Liu2Yu-Hong Yang3Yi-Fang Tsai4Yi-Hsuan Li5Ching-Tzu Tseng6Li-Cheng Tang7Yu-Shin Nai8Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, TaiwanDepartment of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, TaiwanDepartment of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, TaiwanDepartment of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, TaiwanDepartment of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, TaiwanDepartment of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, TaiwanDepartment of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, TaiwanDepartment of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, TaiwanDepartment of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, TaiwanChemical pesticides have been used for pest control for many decades, but they cause serious problems, including insecticide resistance, secondary pest resurgence, and negative environmental impacts. Therefore, sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides are necessary for pest control. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are natural epizootic pathogens of insects, and some of them have been used as microbial biocontrol agents. Herein, we attempted to construct an entomopathogenic fungal library (EFLib) via the “Tenebrio molitor pathogenicity-based fungal collection method (TmPC)” to select EPF for control of the serious agricultural pest Spodoptera litura. A total of 172 soil samples were collected in northern and central Taiwan for the EFLib construction. The isolation efficiency of TmPC was 64.02%. The EFLib consisted of 101 isolates and was designated as the National Chung Hsing University (NCHU) EFLib. Among these isolates, 26 showed high virulence (mortality = 100%) to T. molitor larvae. Based on the results of molecular identification, the highly virulent isolates belonged to seven genera, including Beauveria, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Cordyceps, Penicillium, Purpureocillium, and Metarhizium. To evaluate the potential of these isolates for Spodoptera litura control, 12 isolates were selected for pathogenicity screening against S. litura larvae. A total of six EPF isolates belonging to the genera Beauveria and Metarhizium showed rapid eradication of the S. litura larvae. To rank the potential of these fungal strains for pest management, the six isolates were subjected to thermotolerance and conidial production assays, and a novel effective conidia number (ECN) formula was applied. The results indicated that the ECN index of Beauveria australis (NCHU-113) was much higher than that of Metarhizium isolates. However, among the Metarhizium isolates, NCHU-95 showed the highest ECN index. Altogether, NCHU-69 and NCHU-113 should be further tested in field trials. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to integrate pathogenicity or virulence and ECN data into EPF screening and ranking, providing a baseline for mass selection of potential EPF strains for further applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2021.596316/fullentomopathogenic fungiTenebrio molitorSpodoptera lituraBeauveriaMetarhiziumeffective conidia number |
| spellingShingle | Ju-Chun Chang Shin-Shan Wu Yao-Chia Liu Yu-Hong Yang Yi-Fang Tsai Yi-Hsuan Li Ching-Tzu Tseng Li-Cheng Tang Yu-Shin Nai Construction and Selection of an Entomopathogenic Fungal Library From Soil Samples for Controlling Spodoptera litura Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems entomopathogenic fungi Tenebrio molitor Spodoptera litura Beauveria Metarhizium effective conidia number |
| title | Construction and Selection of an Entomopathogenic Fungal Library From Soil Samples for Controlling Spodoptera litura |
| title_full | Construction and Selection of an Entomopathogenic Fungal Library From Soil Samples for Controlling Spodoptera litura |
| title_fullStr | Construction and Selection of an Entomopathogenic Fungal Library From Soil Samples for Controlling Spodoptera litura |
| title_full_unstemmed | Construction and Selection of an Entomopathogenic Fungal Library From Soil Samples for Controlling Spodoptera litura |
| title_short | Construction and Selection of an Entomopathogenic Fungal Library From Soil Samples for Controlling Spodoptera litura |
| title_sort | construction and selection of an entomopathogenic fungal library from soil samples for controlling spodoptera litura |
| topic | entomopathogenic fungi Tenebrio molitor Spodoptera litura Beauveria Metarhizium effective conidia number |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2021.596316/full |
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