Absence of a Socioeconomic Gradient in Older Adults' Survival with Multiple Chronic Conditions
Background: Individuals of low socioeconomic status experience a disproportionate burden of chronic conditions; however it is unclear whether chronic condition burden affects survival differently across socioeconomic strata. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used health administrative data fr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2015-12-01
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| Series: | EBioMedicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396415302024 |
| _version_ | 1831761307344306176 |
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| author | Natasha E. Lane Colleen J. Maxwell Andrea Gruneir Susan E. Bronskill Walter P. Wodchis |
| author_facet | Natasha E. Lane Colleen J. Maxwell Andrea Gruneir Susan E. Bronskill Walter P. Wodchis |
| author_sort | Natasha E. Lane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Individuals of low socioeconomic status experience a disproportionate burden of chronic conditions; however it is unclear whether chronic condition burden affects survival differently across socioeconomic strata.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study used health administrative data from all residents of Ontario, Canada aged 65 to 105 with at least one of 16 chronic conditions on April 1, 2009 (n = 1,518,939). Chronic condition burden and unadjusted mortality were compared across neighborhood income quintiles. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the effect of number of chronic conditions on two-year survival across income quintiles.
Findings: Prevalence of five or more chronic conditions was significantly higher among older adults in the poorest neighborhoods (18.2%) than the wealthiest (14.3%) (Standardized difference > 0·1). There was also a socioeconomic gradient in unadjusted mortality over two years: 10.1% of people in the poorest neighborhoods died compared with 7.6% of people in the wealthiest neighborhoods. In adjusted analyses, having more chronic conditions was associated with a statistically significant increase in hazard of death over two years, however the magnitude of this effect was comparable across income quintiles. Individuals in the poorest neighborhoods with four chronic conditions had 2.07 times higher hazard of death (95% CI: 1.97–2.19) than those with one chronic condition, but this was comparable to the hazard associated with four chronic conditions in the wealthiest neighborhoods (HR: 2.29, 95% CI: 2.16–2.43).
Interpretation: Among older adults with universal access to health care, the deleterious effect of increasing chronic condition burden on two-year hazard of death was consistent across neighborhood income quintiles once baseline differences in condition burden were accounted for. This may be partly attributable to equal access to, and utilization of, health care. Alternate explanations for these findings, including study limitations, are also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T04:45:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a299510de70f45c3b39547783bba5826 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-3964 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T04:45:54Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EBioMedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-a299510de70f45c3b39547783bba58262022-12-21T18:38:36ZengElsevierEBioMedicine2352-39642015-12-012122094210010.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.018Absence of a Socioeconomic Gradient in Older Adults' Survival with Multiple Chronic ConditionsNatasha E. Lane0Colleen J. Maxwell1Andrea Gruneir2Susan E. Bronskill3Walter P. Wodchis4Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M6, CanadaInstitute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, CanadaInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M6, CanadaInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M6, CanadaInstitute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M6, CanadaBackground: Individuals of low socioeconomic status experience a disproportionate burden of chronic conditions; however it is unclear whether chronic condition burden affects survival differently across socioeconomic strata. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used health administrative data from all residents of Ontario, Canada aged 65 to 105 with at least one of 16 chronic conditions on April 1, 2009 (n = 1,518,939). Chronic condition burden and unadjusted mortality were compared across neighborhood income quintiles. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the effect of number of chronic conditions on two-year survival across income quintiles. Findings: Prevalence of five or more chronic conditions was significantly higher among older adults in the poorest neighborhoods (18.2%) than the wealthiest (14.3%) (Standardized difference > 0·1). There was also a socioeconomic gradient in unadjusted mortality over two years: 10.1% of people in the poorest neighborhoods died compared with 7.6% of people in the wealthiest neighborhoods. In adjusted analyses, having more chronic conditions was associated with a statistically significant increase in hazard of death over two years, however the magnitude of this effect was comparable across income quintiles. Individuals in the poorest neighborhoods with four chronic conditions had 2.07 times higher hazard of death (95% CI: 1.97–2.19) than those with one chronic condition, but this was comparable to the hazard associated with four chronic conditions in the wealthiest neighborhoods (HR: 2.29, 95% CI: 2.16–2.43). Interpretation: Among older adults with universal access to health care, the deleterious effect of increasing chronic condition burden on two-year hazard of death was consistent across neighborhood income quintiles once baseline differences in condition burden were accounted for. This may be partly attributable to equal access to, and utilization of, health care. Alternate explanations for these findings, including study limitations, are also discussed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396415302024Chronic diseaseSocioeconomic statusComorbiditySurvival analysis |
| spellingShingle | Natasha E. Lane Colleen J. Maxwell Andrea Gruneir Susan E. Bronskill Walter P. Wodchis Absence of a Socioeconomic Gradient in Older Adults' Survival with Multiple Chronic Conditions EBioMedicine Chronic disease Socioeconomic status Comorbidity Survival analysis |
| title | Absence of a Socioeconomic Gradient in Older Adults' Survival with Multiple Chronic Conditions |
| title_full | Absence of a Socioeconomic Gradient in Older Adults' Survival with Multiple Chronic Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Absence of a Socioeconomic Gradient in Older Adults' Survival with Multiple Chronic Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Absence of a Socioeconomic Gradient in Older Adults' Survival with Multiple Chronic Conditions |
| title_short | Absence of a Socioeconomic Gradient in Older Adults' Survival with Multiple Chronic Conditions |
| title_sort | absence of a socioeconomic gradient in older adults survival with multiple chronic conditions |
| topic | Chronic disease Socioeconomic status Comorbidity Survival analysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396415302024 |
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