Molecular Characterization and Dietary Regulation of Glutaminase 1 (<i>gls1</i>) in Triploid Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>)
Kidney-type glutaminase, encoded by the <i>gls1</i> gene, plays a critical role in glutamate production and improvement of meat flavor. In this study, a <i>gls1</i> gene encoding 595 amino acids was cloned from triploid crucian carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) (TCC...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Fishes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/6/377 |
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| author | Yangbo Xiao Rong Huang Shenping Cao Dafang Zhao Zhuangwen Mao Chuchu Xiao Zhehua Xu Xiaomei Zhou Xinran Zhang Yu Zhang Jianzhou Tang Junyan Jin Yaoguo Li Jun Zou Zhen Liu |
| author_facet | Yangbo Xiao Rong Huang Shenping Cao Dafang Zhao Zhuangwen Mao Chuchu Xiao Zhehua Xu Xiaomei Zhou Xinran Zhang Yu Zhang Jianzhou Tang Junyan Jin Yaoguo Li Jun Zou Zhen Liu |
| author_sort | Yangbo Xiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kidney-type glutaminase, encoded by the <i>gls1</i> gene, plays a critical role in glutamate production and improvement of meat flavor. In this study, a <i>gls1</i> gene encoding 595 amino acids was cloned from triploid crucian carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) (TCC) and showed a high similarity with the <i>gls1</i> gene found in <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>, <i>Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous</i> and <i>Puntigrus tetrazona</i>. Comparing the abundance of <i>gls1</i> in different tissues, we found its expression level in the brain and liver were significantly higher than that in heart, gut, kidney, spleen and muscle. <i>gls1</i> expression in the brain reached the highest value. In addition, the expression levels of <i>gls1</i> also appeared different in diurnal variation, with the highest expression seen at 9:00, while it was low at 3:00, 6:00, 15:00 and 24:00. Furthermore, dietary regulation of <i>gls1</i> expression was investigated in our study. In each feeding trial, each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks. Fish were fed one of the tested diets up to satiation twice daily. The results showed that <i>gls1</i> expression increased in 32% protein group and decreased in 35–41% protein group. The results of different protein source experiments showed that the expression of <i>gls1</i> gene in the mixed protein group (the control group) was significantly higher than that in the fish meal and soybean meal groups. Glutamate treatment revealed that appropriate concentrations (0.10 mg/mL in vivo and 2.00% in vitro) of glutamate remarkably improved the expression of <i>gls1</i>. Besides, diets supplemented with 0.80–1.60% lysine-glutamate dipeptide exhibited a down regulatory impact on <i>gls1</i> expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the expression of <i>gls1</i> in TCC was increased by 32% protein diet, mixed protein source diet and diet with 2.00% glutamate concentration, while decreased by 0.80–1.60% lysine-glutamate dipeptide. The findings of this study provide a reference for the regulation of <i>gls1</i> and have a potential application in the optimization of dietary formula in aquaculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:44:13Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:44:13Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a2a98c8dccac4f27bf8601b2b08717862023-11-24T14:48:43ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882022-12-017637710.3390/fishes7060377Molecular Characterization and Dietary Regulation of Glutaminase 1 (<i>gls1</i>) in Triploid Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>)Yangbo Xiao0Rong Huang1Shenping Cao2Dafang Zhao3Zhuangwen Mao4Chuchu Xiao5Zhehua Xu6Xiaomei Zhou7Xinran Zhang8Yu Zhang9Jianzhou Tang10Junyan Jin11Yaoguo Li12Jun Zou13Zhen Liu14College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410003, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410003, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410003, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, ChinaKidney-type glutaminase, encoded by the <i>gls1</i> gene, plays a critical role in glutamate production and improvement of meat flavor. In this study, a <i>gls1</i> gene encoding 595 amino acids was cloned from triploid crucian carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) (TCC) and showed a high similarity with the <i>gls1</i> gene found in <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>, <i>Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous</i> and <i>Puntigrus tetrazona</i>. Comparing the abundance of <i>gls1</i> in different tissues, we found its expression level in the brain and liver were significantly higher than that in heart, gut, kidney, spleen and muscle. <i>gls1</i> expression in the brain reached the highest value. In addition, the expression levels of <i>gls1</i> also appeared different in diurnal variation, with the highest expression seen at 9:00, while it was low at 3:00, 6:00, 15:00 and 24:00. Furthermore, dietary regulation of <i>gls1</i> expression was investigated in our study. In each feeding trial, each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks. Fish were fed one of the tested diets up to satiation twice daily. The results showed that <i>gls1</i> expression increased in 32% protein group and decreased in 35–41% protein group. The results of different protein source experiments showed that the expression of <i>gls1</i> gene in the mixed protein group (the control group) was significantly higher than that in the fish meal and soybean meal groups. Glutamate treatment revealed that appropriate concentrations (0.10 mg/mL in vivo and 2.00% in vitro) of glutamate remarkably improved the expression of <i>gls1</i>. Besides, diets supplemented with 0.80–1.60% lysine-glutamate dipeptide exhibited a down regulatory impact on <i>gls1</i> expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the expression of <i>gls1</i> in TCC was increased by 32% protein diet, mixed protein source diet and diet with 2.00% glutamate concentration, while decreased by 0.80–1.60% lysine-glutamate dipeptide. The findings of this study provide a reference for the regulation of <i>gls1</i> and have a potential application in the optimization of dietary formula in aquaculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/6/377glutaminasegene clonedietary regulationprotein leveltissue distributiontriploid crucian carp |
| spellingShingle | Yangbo Xiao Rong Huang Shenping Cao Dafang Zhao Zhuangwen Mao Chuchu Xiao Zhehua Xu Xiaomei Zhou Xinran Zhang Yu Zhang Jianzhou Tang Junyan Jin Yaoguo Li Jun Zou Zhen Liu Molecular Characterization and Dietary Regulation of Glutaminase 1 (<i>gls1</i>) in Triploid Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) Fishes glutaminase gene clone dietary regulation protein level tissue distribution triploid crucian carp |
| title | Molecular Characterization and Dietary Regulation of Glutaminase 1 (<i>gls1</i>) in Triploid Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_full | Molecular Characterization and Dietary Regulation of Glutaminase 1 (<i>gls1</i>) in Triploid Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Characterization and Dietary Regulation of Glutaminase 1 (<i>gls1</i>) in Triploid Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Characterization and Dietary Regulation of Glutaminase 1 (<i>gls1</i>) in Triploid Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_short | Molecular Characterization and Dietary Regulation of Glutaminase 1 (<i>gls1</i>) in Triploid Crucian Carp (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_sort | molecular characterization and dietary regulation of glutaminase 1 i gls1 i in triploid crucian carp i carassius auratus i |
| topic | glutaminase gene clone dietary regulation protein level tissue distribution triploid crucian carp |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/6/377 |
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