The relationships of spiritual health, pregnancy worries and stress and perceived social support with childbirth fear and experience: A path analysis.
<h4>Background</h4>Given maternal health is a major health indicator, the present research aimed at determining the causal relationships of spiritual health, worries, stress and perceived social support with the fear and experience of childbirth in pregnant women.<h4>Methods</h4...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0294910&type=printable |
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| author | Saeideh Hosaini Mansoureh Yazdkhasti Farnoosh Moafi Ghafari Farima Mohamadi Seyed Hamid Reza Kamran Rad Zohreh Mahmoodi |
| author_facet | Saeideh Hosaini Mansoureh Yazdkhasti Farnoosh Moafi Ghafari Farima Mohamadi Seyed Hamid Reza Kamran Rad Zohreh Mahmoodi |
| author_sort | Saeideh Hosaini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Given maternal health is a major health indicator, the present research aimed at determining the causal relationships of spiritual health, worries, stress and perceived social support with the fear and experience of childbirth in pregnant women.<h4>Methods</h4>The present longitudinal prospective research recruited 352 pregnant women presenting to selected health centers in Qazvin, Iran in 2021. The data were collected using the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire-2 (CEQ-2), the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Persian version of the Pregnancy Worries and Stress Questionnaire (PWSQ), the Spiritual Health Questionnaire, the Socioeconomic Status (SES) questionnaire and a sociodemographic checklist, and were analyzed in SPSS-25 and Lisrel-8.8.<h4>Results</h4>The mean age of the participants was 28.1±6.8 years. According to the results of the path analysis, among the variables related to fear of childbirth, childbirth experience (B = -0.37, CI:-0.44;-0.22) in the direct path and perceived social support (B = -0.51, CI:-0.58;-0.43) in both direct and indirect paths demonstrated the most significant negative relationship. Among the variables related to childbirth experience, pregnancy worries and stress had a negative causal relationship (B = -0.06, CI:-0.079;-0.043) in the direct path, spiritual health showed the highest significant positive relationship (B = 0.01, CI: 0.008; 0.012) in the indirect path, and perceived social support (B = 0.112, CI: 0.092; 0.131) and the number of children (B = 0.32,CI: 0.30; 0.34) demonstrated the highest significant positive relationship in both direct and indirect paths. In other words, childbirth experience becomes more desirable as spiritual health, social support, and the number of children increases, and it becomes less desirable as pregnancy worries and stress rise.<h4>Conclusion</h4>According to the present findings, various psychological, social, and spiritual factors are associated with childbirth fear and experience. It is thus necessary to utilize appropriate methods and promote training and support to reduce the adverse outcomes of childbirth. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:57:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a2acd03db01c40a6b7546cfd1a316009 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:57:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-a2acd03db01c40a6b7546cfd1a3160092023-12-24T05:33:15ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032023-01-011812e029491010.1371/journal.pone.0294910The relationships of spiritual health, pregnancy worries and stress and perceived social support with childbirth fear and experience: A path analysis.Saeideh HosainiMansoureh YazdkhastiFarnoosh Moafi GhafariFarima MohamadiSeyed Hamid Reza Kamran RadZohreh Mahmoodi<h4>Background</h4>Given maternal health is a major health indicator, the present research aimed at determining the causal relationships of spiritual health, worries, stress and perceived social support with the fear and experience of childbirth in pregnant women.<h4>Methods</h4>The present longitudinal prospective research recruited 352 pregnant women presenting to selected health centers in Qazvin, Iran in 2021. The data were collected using the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire-2 (CEQ-2), the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Persian version of the Pregnancy Worries and Stress Questionnaire (PWSQ), the Spiritual Health Questionnaire, the Socioeconomic Status (SES) questionnaire and a sociodemographic checklist, and were analyzed in SPSS-25 and Lisrel-8.8.<h4>Results</h4>The mean age of the participants was 28.1±6.8 years. According to the results of the path analysis, among the variables related to fear of childbirth, childbirth experience (B = -0.37, CI:-0.44;-0.22) in the direct path and perceived social support (B = -0.51, CI:-0.58;-0.43) in both direct and indirect paths demonstrated the most significant negative relationship. Among the variables related to childbirth experience, pregnancy worries and stress had a negative causal relationship (B = -0.06, CI:-0.079;-0.043) in the direct path, spiritual health showed the highest significant positive relationship (B = 0.01, CI: 0.008; 0.012) in the indirect path, and perceived social support (B = 0.112, CI: 0.092; 0.131) and the number of children (B = 0.32,CI: 0.30; 0.34) demonstrated the highest significant positive relationship in both direct and indirect paths. In other words, childbirth experience becomes more desirable as spiritual health, social support, and the number of children increases, and it becomes less desirable as pregnancy worries and stress rise.<h4>Conclusion</h4>According to the present findings, various psychological, social, and spiritual factors are associated with childbirth fear and experience. It is thus necessary to utilize appropriate methods and promote training and support to reduce the adverse outcomes of childbirth.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0294910&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Saeideh Hosaini Mansoureh Yazdkhasti Farnoosh Moafi Ghafari Farima Mohamadi Seyed Hamid Reza Kamran Rad Zohreh Mahmoodi The relationships of spiritual health, pregnancy worries and stress and perceived social support with childbirth fear and experience: A path analysis. PLoS ONE |
| title | The relationships of spiritual health, pregnancy worries and stress and perceived social support with childbirth fear and experience: A path analysis. |
| title_full | The relationships of spiritual health, pregnancy worries and stress and perceived social support with childbirth fear and experience: A path analysis. |
| title_fullStr | The relationships of spiritual health, pregnancy worries and stress and perceived social support with childbirth fear and experience: A path analysis. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The relationships of spiritual health, pregnancy worries and stress and perceived social support with childbirth fear and experience: A path analysis. |
| title_short | The relationships of spiritual health, pregnancy worries and stress and perceived social support with childbirth fear and experience: A path analysis. |
| title_sort | relationships of spiritual health pregnancy worries and stress and perceived social support with childbirth fear and experience a path analysis |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0294910&type=printable |
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